Rashin Tsaron Tsaftacewa = Aiwatar da Lambobin Nesa

The Commit Wanda Ya Buɗe Ƙofar Baya

An haɗa wani sabon fasali don sarrafa abubuwan da mai amfani ya ɗora. Komai ya wuce gwaje-gwaje, amma makonni bayan haka, gwajin pentest ya nuna cewa maharan za su iya aiwatar da umarni akan sabar; sakamakon rashin tsaro na cire serialization da aka ɓoye a cikin lambar. Gibin daga cire serialization zuwa aiwatar da lambar nesa na iya zama ƙarami, musamman lokacin da aka amince da bayanan da aka tattara daga fakitin buɗe tushen ko ayyukan ciki ba tare da tabbatarwa ba.

Menene Rashin Tsaftacewa a cikin Lambar, Me Yasa Yake da Haɗari, da kuma Inda Yake Ɓoyewa?

A fannin masu haɓakawa, menene cire bayanai daga tsarin? Tsarin ɗaukar bayanai masu tsari, JSON, XML, tsarin binary, ko abubuwa masu tsari na harshe, sannan a mayar da su zuwa abubuwa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa.

A kansa, rage yawan tsararraki ba shi da lahani kuma abu ne gama gari, misali:

Java: Karanta abubuwa da ObjectInputStream
Python: Ana loda bayanai tare da gyada.
Node.js: Yin nazarin JSON tare da JSON.fassara

Hadarin yana bayyana ne lokacin da aka yi amfani da cire bayanai daga jerin bayanai ba tare da an tabbatar da ingancinsu ba. Mai hari zai iya ƙirƙirar shigarwar da ke haifar da sarkar na'urori, hanyoyin lambar da ake amfani da su ta hanyoyi marasa niyya, wanda zai iya haifar da aiwatar da lambar nesa.

Rashin aminci rage yawan tsararraki sau da yawa ana samunsa a cikin:

Buɗe fakitin tushen budewa tare da rashin tsaro na asali
Lambar al'ada wanda ke ɗauka cewa shigarwar da aka haɗa ta hanyar jeri abin dogaro ne
APIs na wasu kamfanoni suna dawo da abubuwan da aka jera ba tare da tabbatarwa ba
Gina kayan tarihi kamar:
- Java .ser fayiloli waɗanda ke ɗauke da abubuwan da aka riga aka tsara su.
- Python .pkl fayilolin samfura a cikin ayyukan koyon injin.
- Abubuwan daidaitawa da aka tsara a cikin hotunan Docker ko kwantena na turawa

Gwajin kayan aiki kamar:
- Tsohon bayanan gwaji da aka kwafi daga hotunan samarwa.
- An sauke nauyin biyan kuɗi da aka tsara daga ma'ajiyar waje don gwaje-gwajen aiki ko komawa baya.

Ana iya shigar da waɗannan fayiloli cikin ma'ajiyar bayanai kuma a loda su ta atomatik yayin gwaje-gwaje ko tura su, wanda hakan ke haifar da rashin tsaro. rage yawan tsararraki in CI/CD pipelinekafin lambar ta kai ga samarwa.

Daga Rashin Tsaron Tsaftacewa zuwa Aiwatar da Lambobin Nesa: Hanyar Hari

Tsarin amfani da tsarin rashin tsaro na cire kayan tarihi sau da yawa yana bin ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan tsare-tsare:

Shigarwar da ba a amince da ita ba ta shiga aikace-aikacen.
Rashin tsaro wajen cire kayan tarihi yana sake ƙirƙirar abubuwa ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba.
Sarkar na'urori tana haifar da ayyukan da ake da su ta hanyoyi marasa niyya.
Mai kai harin yana ƙara gata kuma yana cimma aiwatar da lambar nesa.

Bambanci:

Sarkunan na'urorin Java suna amfani da tsoffin ɗakunan karatu kamar Apache Commons.
Python .pkl loda samfurin tare da abubuwan da aka haɗa masu cutarwa.
Node.js JSON yana yin bincike tare da eval() ko shigo da kayayyaki masu canzawa.

Gudura:

				
					Untrusted Input → Deserialization → Gadget Chain → Remote Code Execution

Yadda Ake Gano Rashin Tsaro Kafin Haɗawa

Kama rashin tsaro na cire bayanan sirri kafin haɗa lambobi ya fi rahusa fiye da gyara su bayan an tura su. Haɗin nazarin atomatik da gwaji mai inganci yana aiki mafi kyau:

Gwajin Tsaron Aikace-aikace Mai Tsayi (SAST):
- Saita na'urorin daukar hoto don gano APIs masu haɗari kamar ObjectInputStream, gyada., Da kuma YAML.load ba tare da na'urar ɗaukar kaya mai aminci ba.
- Duba lambar tushe da kuma ginawa/gwada kayan tarihi don rashin tsaro rage yawan tsararraki alamu.
- Nuna sakamakon kai tsaye a cikin pull requests don haka masu haɓaka za su iya magance su kafin haɗa su.
CI/CD hadewa:

Misali tsarin aiki:

				
					sql

Commit → SAST scan → PR alert → Fix before merge

Block ya haɗu kan muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi rashin tsaro don hana lambar da ba ta da tsaro isa ga rassan samarwa.

Gwaje-gwajen Naúra tare da Shigarwar Mummunan Kwaikwayo:
- Create nauyin da ba shi da lahani, mai sarrafawa waɗanda ke kwaikwayon abubuwan hari da aka saba tsara su.
- Gwada yadda manhajar ke sarrafa su; ya kamata ta ƙi, ta tsaftace ta, ko kuma ta yi rikodin shigarwar maimakon sarrafa ta a makance.
- Haɗa waɗannan gwaje-gwajen a cikin na'urar sarrafa kansa pipeline don haka suna aiki akan kowace hulɗar jama'a, suna kama halayen ɓata suna da haɗari da wuri.
- Tabbatar cewa kayan gwaji ba za a iya aiwatar da su ba kuma suna da aminci a adana su a cikin ma'ajiyar bayanai, mai da hankali ne kawai kan dabarun gano su.

Wannan hanyar da aka haɗa ta haɗa da na'urar daukar hoto ta atomatik tare da gwaje-gwajen mallakar masu haɓakawa, yana tabbatar da cewa an gano hanyoyin cire bayanai marasa tsaro kuma an cire su tun kafin su zama raunin aiwatar da lambar nesa.

Dabaru na Rigakafi ga Masu Haɓaka: Dakatar da Tsaftacewa daga Zama Aiwatar da Lambobin Nesa

Iyakokin Amincewa: Sai kawai a cire serial daga majiyoyin da aka tabbatar da inganci.
APIs masu aminci:
- Java: Kare ɗakunan karatu tare da tabbatarwa.
- Python: Amfani json.loads() a kan pickle.loads() inda zai yiwu.
- Node.js: Guji eval() ko aiwatar da lambar aiki mai ƙarfi.
Jerin izini da tsare-tsare: Taƙaita nau'ikan abubuwa da aka yarda. Aiwatar da tsarin JSON.
Tsaftar dogaro: Kulawa ga CVEs da ke ambaton cire bayanai daga jerin lambobi ko aiwatar da lambar nesa.
Bayanin lamba: .Ara rage yawan tsararraki duba lafiya zuwa samfuran bita na PR.

Bayanin Kayan Aiki: Kayan aiki kamar Xygeni duba lambar da abubuwan da ake buƙata don rashin tsaro na cire bayanai kafin a haɗa su, gano wuraren da ke da haɗari sosai don masu haɓakawa su iya gyara su da wuri.

Misalin Tsarin Ganowa a Faɗin Harsuna (Lambar Zamba Mai Tsaro)

Duk misalan da ke ƙasa an tsara su ne don nuna alamun ganowa, ba a amfani da su ba:

Java - Gano amfani da API mara aminci:

				
					java
// BAD: Accepting untrusted input without validation
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(userInputStream);
Object obj = in.readObject(); // Unsafe - no class type checks

// GOOD: Validate allowed classes before processing
if (allowedClasses.contains(obj.getClass().getName())) {
    process(obj); // Safe processing of approved classes
}

Python - Gujewa rashin aminci wajen cire serialization:

				
					python
import pickle

# BAD: Loading untrusted serialized data directly
data = pickle.loads(untrusted_input)  # Unsafe - arbitrary object execution risk

# GOOD: Use JSON with schema validation
import json
data = json.loads(untrusted_input)  # Safe when validated against schema

Node.js – Hana aiwatar da lambar aiki mai ƙarfi:

				
					javascript
// BAD: Executing code from parsed data
let obj = JSON.parse(untrustedInput);
eval(obj.code); // Unsafe - allows arbitrary code execution

// GOOD: Use fixed logic without dynamic execution
let safeObj = JSON.parse(untrustedInput);
process(safeObj); // Handle only expected properties and values

Ganowa ta atomatik a cikin DevSecOps Pipelines: Kama Rashin Tsaftacewa Kafin Ya Kai Ga Samarwa

Ganowa ta atomatik na cire serialization mara tsaro yana tabbatar da an gano kuma an gyara raunin da ke tattare da shi kafin su kai ga aiwatar da lambar nesa a cikin samarwa.

Pipeline Ana dubawa

Run SAST akan lambar tushe, fayilolin daidaitawa, da kayan tarihi na gini a kowane commit.
Gano tsarin cirewa mara tsaro a cikin lambar aikace-aikacen da kuma abin dogaro.

Binciken Kayan Tarihi

scan .ser, .pkl, da sauran fayiloli masu tsari don tsare-tsare marasa aminci kafin a tura ko ma a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje.

Pull Request tarewa

Toshe yana haɗuwa idan aka gano rashin tsaro wajen cire serial.
Nuna ra'ayoyin da za a iya aiwatarwa a cikin PRs don hanzarta gyarawa.

Tilasta Gwajin Rukunin

Haɗa gwaje-gwajen na'ura tare da abubuwan da aka kwaikwayi na ɓarna a cikin CI/CD pipeline
Rashin aiki idan aikace-aikacen yana sarrafa bayanai marasa aminci waɗanda aka jera a jere maimakon ƙin yarda da su.

Gujewa Abubuwan Karya Ba Tare da Raunana Dokoki ba

Kada a kashe ƙa'idodin ganowa don "kulle" faɗakarwa; wannan na iya ba da damar ainihin rashin tsaro na ɓoye bayanai ya wuce ba tare da an gano shi ba.
Yi amfani da jerin fararen da aka sarrafa (jerin izini) don sanannun alamu masu aminci ko abubuwan dogaro.
Ana buƙatar tabbatar da tsaro kafin a amince da shigarwar sunayen fararen fata.
Ajiye jerin sunayen da aka zaɓa a ƙarƙashin ikon sigar kuma a sake duba shi lokaci-lokaci don tabbatar da cewa duk keɓancewa sun kasance masu inganci kuma lafiya.

Matsayin Xygeni

Yana haɗa kai tsaye zuwa cikin CI/CD pipelines don duba lambar tushe da gina kayan tarihi.
Yana gano yanayin rashin tsaro na cire serialization da kuma dogaro mai haɗari a farkon zagayowar rayuwa.
Yana goyan bayan jerin sunayen masu amfani bisa ga manufofi tare da bitar tsaro ta tilas, daidaita daidaiton ganowa tare da yawan aikin mai haɓakawa.

Ci gaba da Aiwatar da Lambobin Nesa Ta Hanyar Tsaftacewa da Tsaro

Rashin tsaro na cire serialization na iya zama ba a lura da shi ba har sai ya zama hanya kai tsaye zuwa aiwatar da lambar nesa. Hana shi yana buƙatar:

Fahimtar menene rashin yin amfani da shi da kuma yadda za a iya amfani da shi ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.
Shigar da ganowa ta atomatik a cikin tsarin aiki na ci gaba.
Yin bitar abubuwan da suka dogara akai-akai, gina kayan tarihi, da kuma bayanan da aka yi amfani da su a gwaje-gwaje.

Matsayin da Xygeni ke da shi a wannan tsari:

Duba Lambar Tushe: Yana gano tsarin cire bayanai marasa tsaro a cikin harsuna da yawa kafin a haɗa lambar.
Binciken Kayan Tarihi da Dogaro: Yana gano fayiloli masu haɗari waɗanda aka jera a jere (.ser, .pkl, saitin da aka saka) da kuma abubuwan ɓangare na uku waɗanda aka sani da raunin da aka sani.
Sarrafawa bisa Manufofi: Yana goyan bayan jerin izini da aka sarrafa tare da tabbatar da tsaro, yana tabbatar da cewa keɓantattun abubuwan da suka wajaba ba su haifar da haɗari na gaske ba.
Ra'ayoyin Masu Haɓakawa a Cikin Yanayi: Yana nuna ainihin wurin da kuma dalilin rashin tsaro na ɓoye bayanai a ciki pull requests, yana bawa masu haɓaka software damar gyara matsaloli nan take kuma su tabbatar da rage tasirin ta hanyar sake duba su.

Ta hanyar haɗa irin waɗannan bincike kai tsaye cikin CI/CD, ƙungiyoyi za su iya kamawa da kuma gyara rashin tsaro cire serialization kafin ya taɓa samun damar haɓaka zuwa aiwatar da lambar nesa a cikin samarwa.

Yadda Rashin Tsaron Tsaftacewa Ya Zama Aiwatar da Lambobin Nesa (da Yadda Ake Kama Shi Kafin Haɗawa)

Rubuce-rubucen da Ya Kamata a Karanta