A kufooka kwa tsiku lililonse ndi chimodzi mwa zoopsa zazikulu kwambiri pa chitetezo cha pa intaneti. Ndi vuto lomwe palibe amene angadziwe mpaka litagwiritsidwa ntchito kale.
Owukira akapeza ndikugwiritsa ntchito, zotsatira zake zimakhala kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lopanda zero, chidutswa cha code kapena njira yomwe imasintha kufooka kobisika kumeneko kukhala chiwopsezo chenicheni. Kwa mapulogalamu ndi magulu a DevSecOps, awa kugwiritsa ntchito zoopsa za tsiku lililonse Pangani malo osawoneka bwino komwe ma scanner wamba, zida zotetezera ma virus, ndi ma patches sizingathandize.
Owukira tsopano akuyenda mwachangu, akulunjika ku ma code, zodalira, ndi CI/CD pipelines.
Kumvetsetsa momwe a kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lopanda zero ntchito, ndi momwe mungazindikire msanga, tsopano ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusunga njira iliyonse yamakono yopitira patsogolo.
Chomwe Chimachititsa Kuti Kusatetezeka kwa Zero-Day Kukhale Koopsa Kwambiri
A kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lopanda zero Amapezerapo mwayi pa vuto lomwe wogulitsa asanadziwe kuti lilipo.
Mosiyana ndi zolakwika zodziwika bwino, palibe chigamba, palibe chokonza, ndipo nthawi zambiri palibe njira yodalirika yozindikirira mpaka chiwopsezocho chitachitika.
Zofooka zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimabisala m'malaibulale a mapulogalamu, asakatuli, kapena zigawo za anthu ena. Akazipeza, owukira amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito mwachangu ndikufalitsa ma code owopsa kudzera mu zida zodalirika komanso malo osungiramo zinthu.
Chifukwa cha izi, kugwiritsa ntchito zoopsa za tsiku lililonse imatha kuyenda mwachangu kudutsa mu unyolo wopereka zinthu ndi malo amtambo.
Kudalira kamodzi kokha mu polojekiti yotseguka kungawonetse zomanga zikwizikwi aliyense asanazindikire.
Kumvetsetsa Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito Koopsa kwa Zero-Day
Kuti timvetse momwe owukira amagwiritsira ntchito zofooka izi, zimathandiza kuyang'ana momwe zinthu zimachitikira nthawi zonse:
- Wofufuza kapena wowukira amapeza cholakwika chosadziwika.
- Wowukirayo amapanga code yogwiritsira ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito cholakwika chimenecho.
- Kuwononga kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ziwopsezo zenizeni kapena kugawana pa intaneti.
- Ogulitsa amazindikira vutolo ndipo amalitulutsa.
- Magulu achitetezo amagwira ntchito mwachangu kuti agwiritse ntchito zosintha ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka.
Mwachitsanzo, IBM X-Force inanena za nkhani yomwe owukira adagwiritsa ntchito mwayi woti pulogalamu yosamutsa mafayilo ya GoAnywhere isagwire ntchito mkati mwa maola 24 kuchokera pamene yapezeka.
Izi zikusonyeza momwe nthawi yopezera zinthu zatsopano ndi yocheperako ilili yochepa, nthawi zina maola ochepa okha.
Ziwopsezo izi si nkhani chabe. Zawononga kale kwambiri enterprise machitidwe, mapulogalamu otseguka, ndi maunyolo apadziko lonse lapansi operekera zinthu.
Zitsanzo Zenizeni za Ziwopsezo za Zero-Day
Ziwopsezo za tsiku lopanda tsiku sizichitika kawirikawiri. Zimachitika pa mapulogalamu onse amakono, kuyambira pa asakatuli mpaka pakupanga machitidwe ndi zida zopangira mapulogalamu.
Zitsanzo zotsatirazi zikusonyeza momwe owukira amapezerapo mwayi mwachangu pogwiritsira ntchito zofooka zosadziwika oteteza asanayankhe:
- Kusamutsa MOVEit (2023): Owukira adagwiritsa ntchito mwayi woti SQL injection injection injection (CVE-2023-34362) ilowe mu Progress MOVEit Transfer. Kuwononga kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti deta iberedwe m'mabungwe ambiri, kuphatikizapo mabanki ndi mabungwe aboma, asanatulutsidwe chikalatacho.
- Google Chrome (2025): Kufooka kwa tsiku lopanda zero (CVE-2025-10585) mu injini ya Chrome ya V8 JavaScript kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuthengo. Google idatulutsa chigamba chofulumira pambuyo potsimikizira kuti ziwopsezo zikuchitika.
- SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack (2020)Owukira adayika ma code oyipa mu pulogalamu yodalirika ya nsanja ya SolarWinds ya Orion, zomwe zidayika pachiwopsezo mabungwe opitilira 18,000. Ngakhale kuti sizinachitikepo ndi chilichonse, idagwira ntchito ngati tsiku lopanda ntchito mu unyolo woperekera zinthu.
- Microsoft Exchange Server (2021, “ProxyLogon”): Zofooka zinayi za tsiku lopanda zingwe zinalola owukira kuti azitha kupeza ma seva a Exchange kutali padziko lonse lapansi. Ma patch anafika mwachangu, koma makina ambiri anali atawonongeka kale.
- Kasitomala wa Zoom (2022): Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tsiku lopanda zero kunalola owukira akutali kugwiritsa ntchito ma code panthawi yamavidiyo pa makasitomala osasinthidwa a Windows. Cholakwikacho chinagulitsidwa mwachinsinsi asanaululidwe pagulu.
Mlandu uliwonse ukuwonetsa momwe kugwiritsa ntchito zoopsa za tsiku lililonse imatha kufalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana, pipelines, ndi malo amtambo mu maola.
Ndicho chifukwa chake kuwoneka bwino, kuzindikira zolakwika, ndi machenjezo oyambirira ndizofunikira kuti ziwopsezozi zisanafalikire.
Zochitika izi zikuwonetsanso kusintha kwa njira yowukira, kuchokera ku ziwopsezo zapadera mpaka kulowa kwa makina omanga, zodalira, ndi DevOps pipelines.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zopanda Tsiku mu Unyolo Wopereka Mapulogalamu
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a masiku ano nthawi zambiri kumayang'ana kwambiri unyolo wopereka mapulogalamu, osati ma endpoint okha kapena machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito.
Owukira amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodalira zomwe zawonongeka, zolemba zoipa, ndi CI/CD kusintha kosasintha kuti kusunthire mmwamba mu ndondomeko yopangira.
Zina mwa njira zodziwika bwino zowukira ndi izi:
- yosindikiza mapaketi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ku ma registry otseguka.
- Kuyika zolipira za tsiku lopanda zilolezo m'ma script atatha kuyika.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zomanga zosayang'aniridwa kapena ziyeneretso.
- Kuthawa osunga ndalama ovomerezeka kapena maakaunti awo.
Zipangizo zamakono zomaliza sizingathe kuwona ziwopsezo izi chifukwa zimachitika pamaso Mapulogalamuwa amagwira ntchito, panthawi yopanga, kumanga, kapena kuphatikiza.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuwonekera kwa DevSecOps ndi kusanthula kodziyimira pawokha ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Kusiyana kwa Moyo ndi Kuzindikira
| Gawo | Zochita za Owukira | Vuto la Oteteza |
|---|---|---|
| Kupeza ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida | Pezani cholakwika chosadziwika ndipo pangani ntchito yogwirira ntchito musanaulule. | Palibe siginecha kapena chigamba chodziwika chomwe chilipo; oteteza sawoneka bwino. |
| Kugwiritsa Ntchito Molakwika | Tumizani zinthu kudzera mu phishing, mapaketi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, kapena zosintha zoyipa. | Kuzindikira kumachitika pokhapokha atachita; nthawi yoyankha ndi yochepa. |
| Chigamba ndi Kuulula | Wogulitsa atulutsa zosintha ndipo zomwe zachitikazo zimakhala za anthu onse. | Machitidwe amakhalabe otseguka mpaka ma patches atayesedwa ndikuyikidwa. |
Kusiyana kwa kuzindikira ndi nthawi yoopsa kwambiri. Pamene palibe zochitika zowopsa zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse ndipo magulu alibe chizindikiro kapena chigamba, owukira amatha kuyenda mwachangu. Kutseka kusiyana kumeneku kumafuna kuzindikira koyambirira, kuyang'anira kosalekeza, ndi chitetezo chozikidwa pa khalidwe.
Deta Yomwe Imayambitsa Ziwopsezo Zamasiku Ano za Zero
Malipoti aposachedwa akusonyeza momwe zinthu zongochitika tsiku limodzi zokha zakhalira zofala komanso zachangu:
- The Google Threat Intelligence Group (GTIG) inanena Zofooka za masiku 75 opanda zero zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthengo mu 2024, kuwonjezeka kwa 30 peresenti poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha.
- About 44 peresenti ya masiku a zero amenewo zolinga enterprise machitidwe monga ma VPN, ma firewall, ndi zida zoyang'anira, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti owukira tsopano akuyang'ana kwambiri pa zomangamanga zamtengo wapatali.
- The Mndandanda wa IBM 2025 wa Nzeru Zoopsa olembedwa kuposa Zofooka 65,000 ndi zochitika zomwe zimapezeka pagulu, zambiri zidagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndikukonzedwanso mu ziwopsezo zatsopano za tsiku lopanda zilolezo.
Ziwerengerozi zikusonyeza chifukwa chake magulu ayenera kuzindikira zizindikiro za kufooka kwa tsiku limodzi asanawonekere chigamba.
Zomwe Chitetezo Chabwino Kwambiri cha Zero-Day Chiyenera Kuphatikiza
Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lopanda zero, chitetezo chimafuna zigawo zingapo ndi malo oyambirira mu kayendedwe ka chitukuko. Njira yonse ikuphatikizapo:
- Kusanthula nthawi yeniyeni kwa ma registry monga npm ndi PyPI kuti mupeze ma phukusi okayikitsa asanalowe mu zomangamanga
- Machenjezo oyambirira omwe amawonetsa ma phukusi atsopano kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa ofalitsa komwe kungasonyeze kuti palibe tsiku loti anthu azitha kuwononga chilengedwe
- Ma firewall odalira omwe amatseka kapena kuyika zinthu zoopsa zokha
- Kuzindikira kwa Anomaly kudutsa CI/CD pipelinekupeza khalidwe lachilendo la nthawi yomanga lomwe lingasonyeze kudalira komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika
- Kutsata mbiri ya ogwira ntchito kuti azindikire maakaunti abodza a oyang'anira omwe angasindikize nkhani yokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika
- Kutsatira malamulo mosalekeza kuti malamulo osatetezeka asaphatikizidwe m'nthambi zazikulu
Malinga ndi National Vulnerability Database, ma CVE atsopano opitilira 29,000 adalembedwa mu 2024. Ngakhale kuti nkhani za tsiku lopanda zero zimalembedwa pambuyo poti zawululidwa, kukula kumeneku kukuwonetsa momwe zofooka zimawonekera mwachangu komanso chifukwa chake kuyimitsa kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lopanda zero nkhani zoyambirira.
Momwe Xygeni Imathandizira Kuchepetsa Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito Kwa Tsiku Lililonse
Xygeni amaika kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chitetezo chodziyimira pawokha mu DevOps flow yanu kuti muchepetse mwayi wokumana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse. Zinthu zazikulu ndi izi:
- Kuyang'anira mosalekeza ma phukusi atsopano ndi omwe alipo kuti mudziwe zizindikiro zoyambirira za khalidwe loopsa
- An Chenjezo Loyambirira zomwe zimadziwitsa magulu pamene njira yogwiritsira ntchito ikupezeka m'ma registry
- Kutsekereza kapena kuyika anthu odalira omwe akukayikiridwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse sikungathe kulowa muzinthu zanu zomangidwa
- Kuzindikira kwachilendo pa zomangamanga zomwe zikuwonetsa kusintha kosayembekezereka kwa mafayilo kapena mafoni akutali omwe amafanana ndi machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito
- Kutsata mbiri ya osamalira ndi ofalitsa kuti aone kusintha kwadzidzidzi komwe kungasonyeze mgwirizano
- Kuika patsogolo zinthu poganizira momwe zinthu zilili zomwe zimathandiza magulu kufufuza ngati vuto lomwe lapezeka lingasinthe kukhala vuto la tsiku ndi tsiku m'malo awo
Xygeni imagwirizana ndi machitidwe wamba a CI ndi kuwongolera magwero kotero mumapeza chitetezo ichi popanda zolemba zowonjezera kapena kukhazikitsa kwakukulu.
Njira Zabwino Zokonzekera Tsiku Lotsatira la Zero
- Pitirizani SBOMs kuti mudziwe ma code ndi ma phukusi omwe ali mu nyumba iliyonse
- Mitundu yodalira ma PIN ndipo pewani kugwiritsa ntchito ma wildcard omwe amalola phukusi losadziwika kulowa ndikuyendetsa ntchito ya tsiku lopanda zero
- Yesani ma scan otsatizana: ma check osasinthasintha, mayeso osinthika, ndi kuwunika khalidwe
- Sinthani njira zokonzera ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu kuti muchepetse kuwonekera pamene kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lopanda zero kukuwonekera poyera
- Chepetsani zinsinsi ndi zilolezo pantchito zomanga kuti ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito isamafalikire mosavuta
- Phunzitsani magulu kuti azindikire zoopsa zokhudzana ndi unyolo wopereka zinthu ndikuyankha mwachangu zizindikiro za kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse zikuwonekera
Zipangizo monga Xygeni zimathandiza kupanga machitidwe ambiri mwa awa ndikuchepetsa ntchito zamanja pomwe zimathandizira kuzindikira kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse.
Maganizo Omaliza: Kukhalabe Patsogolo Pa Zoopsa za Zero-Day
Ziwopsezo za Zero-day zidzapitirirabe kusintha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chitetezo chiyeneranso kusintha. Kuteteza ma endpoints okha sikokwanira. Magulu amafunika kuwonekera ndi chitetezo chomwe chimayambira mkati mwa code, kudalira, ndi pipelines.
Mwa kuphatikiza kusanthula nthawi yeniyeni, machenjezo oyambirira, ndi kuletsa zokha, mutha kuchepetsa mwayi woti kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyo kuchitike tsiku lililonse. Dziwani msanga, tsekani mwachangu, ndikusunga unyolo wanu woperekera mapulogalamu patsogolo.
