Chikonzero Nei Kusagadzikana Kwekuchengetedza muSoftware Kuchiitika uye Maitiro Ekukuderedza
Kusasimba kwesoftware kunoita kuti matsotsi epaindaneti abate data, avhiringidze mashandiro, uye awane mukana wekupinda pasina mvumo. Chikonzero chinoita kuti kusasimba kwekuchengetedza musoftware kuvepo chinowanzobva mukusashanda zvakanaka kwekodhi, software isina kugadziriswa, kusagadziriswa zvakanaka, uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwecheni dzekutengesa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza uye kuvimba kuri kuwedzera. kuvimba nevamwe vanhu zvinopa mukana wekukura kwenzvimbo yekurwiswa.
Kusagadzirisa matambudziko ekuchengetedza kunokonzera kurasikirwa nemari, zvirango zvemutemo, uye kukuvara kwemukurumbira. Saizvozvowo, mabhizinesi anoregeredza matanho ekuchengetedza uye anokundikana kuchengetedza cheni yavo yekupa software anozvipinza mukutyisidzirwa kwakanyanya kwepamhepo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunzwisisa chikonzero nei matambudziko ekuchengetedza ari musoftware achiitika ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yekushandisa matanho anoshanda ekuchengetedza pamhepo.
Nhamba dzeKuchengetedzeka Kwakakosha:
- 83% yekutyorwa kwemutemo zvinoitika nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwekuchengetedza kamwe chete.
- 60% ye cyberattacks zvinokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwekuchengetedza kusina kugadziriswa.
- Kuwedzera kwe742% mukurwiswa kwesoftware supply chain pakati pa2019 na2022, zvichishandisa kushaya simba kwekuchengetedza mumakambani echitatu.
Zvichitevera nhamba idzi dzinotyisa, masangano anofanira kushanda nesimba kuderedza kushaya simba kwevadzivisi vasati vavashandisa zvisina kunaka.
1. Maitiro Asina Kunaka eKunyora Makodhi: Chikonzero Chikuru Chinoita Kuti Kusava Nenjodzi Mukuchengetedza muSoftware Kuitike
Vagadziri vemapurogiramu vanounza matambudziko ekuchengetedza pavanonyora kodhi isina kuchengetedzeka. Pasina kusimbiswa kwakakodzera kwekuisa, kusimbiswa kwakachengeteka, uye encryption, vapambi vanogona kushandisa zviri nyore maapplication. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kusasimba uku kwesoftware kunoita kuti pave nenzvimbo dzekutyisidzira paindaneti, zvichizopedzisira zvaita kuti data riparadzwe uye system itorwe.
SQL Injection - Kukuvadzwa Kwakajairika Kwekuchengetedzwa
Semuenzaniso, SQL injection ndeimwe yenjodzi dzinowanzoonekwa dzekuchengetedza. Varwi vanoshandisa zvikanganiso izvi kana vagadziri vakatadza kuchenesesa zvinoiswa nevashandisi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanoisa mirairo yeSQL, vanodarika authentication, uye vanowana mukana wekuwana data rakavanzika. Nekufamba kwenguva, njodzi iyi yakakonzera kutyorwa kukuru kwedata mumaindasitiri mazhinji.
Mhedzisiro yeSQL Injection Attacks:
- Magenge ekuba ruzivo rwevashandisi neruzivo rwemari, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nemari.
- Vanhu vane utsinye vanochinja kana kudzima zvinyorwa zvedatabase, zvichikonzera matambudziko ekuchengetedzwa kwedata.
- Masangano anotambura nekukuvara kwemukurumbira uye kushaya mari nekuda kweruzivo rwevatengi rwunobva rwabuda pachena.
Maitiro Ekudzivirira Kusagadzikana Uku Kwekuchengetedza:
Kuti vaderedze njodzi yekurwiswa ne SQL injection, masangano anofanira kutora matanho ekugadzirisa matambudziko padanho rega rega rekuvandudza.
- Tevedzera nhungamiro dzekuchengetedza makodhi kubva OWASP Wepamusoro 10 kuderedza njodzi.
- Shandisa mibvunzo ine parameter uye gadzirira zvirevo zvekuvhara SQL jekiseni.
- Maitiro Kuongororwa Kwekuchengetedzwa Kwemashandisirwo Ekushandisa Kwakagadzika (Static Application Security Test)SAST) kuona kushaya simba nekukurumidza.
Nekutora matanho aya ekudzivirira, mabhizinesi anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mukana wekurwiswa kweSQL nejekiseni uye kusimbisa kuchengetedzeka kweapplication.
2. Software Isina Kugadziriswa: Chikonzero Chikuru Chekukanganisa Kuchengetedzeka
Zvizhinji zvezvinetso zvekuchengetedza zvinobva musoftware isina kugadziriswa. Kutaura zvazviri, matsotsi epaindaneti anotsvaga zvipingamupinyi zvinozivikanwa, achitarisira kuti masangano achanonoka kugadzirisa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabhizinesi asingateereri zviziviso zvekuchengetedza anosiya masisitimu avo ari panjodzi yekurwiswa.
Log4Shell - Kusagadzikana Kwakanyanya Kwekuchengetedzwa
Funga nezveLog4Shell, imwe yenjodzi dzakaipa dzekuchengetedza mumakore achangopfuura. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwayo zvakanyanya, Log4Shell njodzi (CVE-2021-44228) muApache Log4j yakabvumira vapambi kushandisa kodhi iri kure pamamiriyoni emidziyo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabhizinesi akasiyana-siyana akatambura nekutyorwa kwedata kukuru uye kutadza kwesystem. Zvakatoipisisa, matsotsi epaindaneti akashandisa zvikanganiso izvi pasi rose, zvichikanganisa masangano pasi rese.
Mhedzisiro yeKushandiswa kweLog4Shell:
- Matsotsi epaindaneti akatumira ransomware ndokuba ruzivo rwakavanzika, zvichikanganisa mashandiro epasi rose.
- Makambani makuru, anosanganisira Microsoft, Amazon, neTesla, akatyorwa zvakanyanya mukuchengetedzwa kwemakambani.
- Mari yese yekuderedza njodzi iyi yaipfuura mabhiriyoni gumi nemaviri emadhora pasi rose, zvichienderana neongororo ye CISMushumo.
Maitiro Ekudzivirira Kusagadzikana Uku Kwekuchengetedza:
Zvichitevera njodzi idzi, makambani anofanirwa kukoshesa kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa matambudziko.
- Shandisa automated patch management kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti software inoramba ichivandudzwa.
- Isa zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzirisa uchishandisa Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) kugadzirisa matambudziko ane njodzi huru kutanga.
- tanga Application Security Posture Management (ASPM) kuti varambe vachitarisa software yekare.
Nekushandisa nzira idzi dzekuchengetedza, masangano anogona kuramba ari pamberi pevanorwisa uye kudzivirira kuti matambudziko esoftware arege kushandiswa mune ramangwana.
3. Kusarongeka Kwakanaka: Kusagadzikana Kwekuchengetedza Kunogona Kudzivirirwa
Kazhinji, masevhisi egore asina kugadziriswa zvakanaka, madhatabhesi, uye marongero enetwork zvinokonzeresa kusachengetedzwa kwakanyanya. Kana mapoka ekuchengetedza akatadza kushandisa zvidzoreso zvekupinda zvakanaka, varwisi vanogona kushandisa zvisakarurama zviri nyore uye kuwana mukana usina mvumo.
Databases Dzakafumurwa Nemagadzirirwo Asina Kusimba
Chimwe chezvikanganiso zvinowanzoitwa ndechekusiya madatabase egore ari nyore kuwana. Masangano mazhinji haachengetedze madatabase aya nemazvo, zvichiita kuti akwanise kurwiswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ma hackers anotsvaga pa internet kuti aone masevhisi asina kugadziriswa zvakanaka uye anoba data rakavanzika. Nekufamba kwenguva, kusachengetedzwa uku kwakakonzera kubuda kwedata kukuru.
Mhedzisiro yeMagadzirirwo Asina Kunaka eCloud:
- Vashandisi vasina mvumo vanowana mukana wakazara wekuwana madhatabhesi, zvichiburitsa ruzivo rwakakosha rwebhizinesi.
- Varwisi vanoburitsa ruzivo rwevatengi vavo vorutengesa padark web, zvichiwedzera njodzi dzekubiridzira.
- Makambani anotarisana nefaindi dzemitemo nekuda kwekutyora mitemo yeGDPR neCCPA nekuda kwekusadzora kwakashata kwekuchengetedzwa kwemakambani.
Maitiro Ekudzivirira Kusagadzikana Uku Kwekuchengetedza:
Kuti vaderedze njodzi yekusagadziriswa zvakanaka, masangano anofanirwa kushandisa nzira dzakachengeteka dzekuisa zvinhu uye kusimbisa mitemo yakasimba yekuwana zvinhu.
- shandisa Infrastructure seCode (IaC) kuchengetedza kuti zviite kuti zvigadziriswe nemazvo.
- Shandisa Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) kuderedza mukana wekupinda usina mvumo.
- Activate Zvishandiso zveKutarisira Zvakavanzika kuchengetedza zvitupa zvinozivikanwa.
Nekumanikidza izvi controls, mabhizinesi anogona kuderedza njodzi dzekusagadzirisa zvakanaka marongero uye kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwegore.
4. Kurwiswa kweSupply Chain: Chikonzero Chiri Kukura Nei Kusagadzikana Kwekuchengetedza muSoftware Kuchiitika
Mapurogiramu emazuva ano anovimba nemaraibhurari evamwe vanhu uye zvinhu zvinoenderana nazvo. Zvisinei, varwisi vanowanzo tarisa zvikamu izvi kuti vazviise mu "infusions". malwareNekuda kweizvi, mabhizinesi anofanira kuchengetedza cheni yavo yekupa software kudzivirira kutyorwa kukuru kwemitemo.
SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack
Matsotsi epaindaneti akapinda muSolarWinds Orion updates, achiisa backdoors mumashandisirwo akajairika. enterprise software. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zviuru zvemasangano zvakaisa zviziviso zvine njodzi, kusanganisira makambani eFortune 500 nemasangano ehurumende.
Migumisiro yeKurwiswa kweSupply Chain:
- Matsotsi akashandisa nzira dzekunze kuti awane mukana wekuwana ma network emakambani nehurumende kwenguva refu.
- Masangano ehurumende akatambura nekusora uye kukanganiswa kwemabasa, zvichiisa kuchengetedzeka kwenyika panjodzi.
- Kukuvadzwa kwemari kwakapfuura $100 miriyoni, zvichienderana ne Mushumo weHurumende yeUS.
Maitiro Ekuchengetedza Software Supply Chain:
Sezvo kurwiswa kwekutengesa zvinhu kuri kuwedzera, mabhizinesi anofanira kutora matanho ekudzivirira makambani aanovimba nawo.
- toredzera Kuongorora Kuumbwa kweSoftware (SCA) kuti varambe vachiongorora zvinhu zvinokanganisa uye vaone njodzi dzichiripo.
- Shandisa Xygeni's Open Source Security kuona nekuvhara mapakeji ane malware asati akanganisa maapplication.
- Ita kuti Software Bills of Materials ishande (SBOMs) kutevera zvikamu zvebato rechitatu, zvichiita kuti zvive pachena zvizere muchikamu chekugovera software.
Nekutora matanho aya ekuchengetedza, masangano anogona kuvandudza kusasimba kwavo mukuchengetedza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, anogona kumisa kutyorwa kukuru kwemitemo kusati kwaitika uye kudzivirira kukanganiswa kukuru. Uye zvakare, kuchengetedza cheni yekugovera yakachengeteka kunobatsira mabhizinesi kuti arambe achitevedzera mitemo yeindasitiri uye kuchengetedza data rakavanzika. Nekufamba kwenguva, kuedza uku kunoita kuti masisitimu agare akasimba kubva mukutyisidzirwa kwecyber.
5. Zvinotyisidzira Mukati: Kusava Nekuchengetedzwa Kunowanzofuratirwa
Kunyange hazvo vazhinji vachinyanya kutarisa panjodzi dzekunze, njodzi dzemukati dzine njodziwo. Vese vari mukati vane hutsinye nevashandi vasina hanya vanogona kukonzera matambudziko ekuchengetedza nekushandisa masisitimu zvisirizvo, kushandisa data rakavanzika zvisina kunaka, kana kufumura zvitupa zvekupinda nemaune. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masangano anofanira kusimbisa mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza mukati kuti aderedze njodzi yekutyisidzira kwemukati.
Interface yeAdmin Yakafumurwa Nekuda Kwekusakwana Kwekudzora Kupinda
Ngatitorei nyaya yemawebhusaiti ane mapaneru eadmin asina muganho—ndiwo anonyanya kukosheswa nekurwiswa kwevanhu vane simba guru. Kana makambani akatadza kusimbisa mitemo yakasimba yekuvongorora, vanorwisa vanogona kuwana mukana wekushandisa masisitimu akakosha. Pamusoro pezvose, kutyisidzira kwakawanda kwemukati kunoitika nekuda kwekusakwanisa kudzora kupinda, kwete kungokuvadza nemaune.
Mhedzisiro yeZvinotyisa zveInsider:
- Vashandi vanoburitsa ruzivo rwakavanzika netsaona, vachityora mitemo yekutevedzera mitemo.
- MaHackers anoba zvitupa zvehutungamiriri uye anokwidza ropafadzo, achitora masisitimu akakosha.
- Masangano anotambura nekukuvadzwa kwemari uye mukurumbira, zvichienderana ne Gartner Report.
Maitiro Ekuderedza Zvipingamupinyi Zvinobva Mukati Mevanhu:
Kuti vaderedze njodzi dzemukati, mabhizinesi anofanira kushandisa mitemo yakasimba yekuwana ruzivo uye maturusi ekutarisa.
- Shandisa Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) kumaakaundi ese eadmin kudzivirira kupinda pasina mvumo.
- Deredzai mukana wekupinda mumapaneru evanotungamira muchishandisa maVPN kana ma network akavanzika kuti muderedze mukana wekuona zviri kuitika.
- Tanga Kuonekwa kweAnomaly yeXygeni kuongorora zviitiko zvinofungirwa mu CI/CD pipelines uye kuratidza maitiro asina kujairika.
Nekushandisa mitemo iyi yekuchengetedza mukati, masangano anogona kuderedza zvikuru njodzi dzinosanganisirwa nekutyisidzira kwemukati.
Chii Chinotevera?
Masangano anofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti sei paine matambudziko ekuchengetedza musoftware kuti atore matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza. Kutanga, vagadziri vanofanirwa kunyora kodhi yakachengeteka kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvesoftware. Panguva imwe chete, Zvikwata zveIT vanofanira kuisa machira nekukurumidza kuti vamise kushandiswa kwezvishandiso. Panguva iyi, mainjiniya ekuchengetedza anofanira kutarisa njodzi dzinoitika panguva chaiyo kuti vadzivise kurwiswa kwepaindaneti vasati vakonzera kukuvara.
Uyezve, matambudziko ekuchengetedza anowanzo konzerwa nekusagadziriswa zvakanaka, software yekare, uye kusasimba kwekutengesa. Sezvo njodzi dzepaindaneti dzichiramba dzichichinja, mabhizinesi anofanira kuramba ari mberi nekushandisa nzira dzekuchengetedza dzemazuva ano, kusimbisa mitemo yakasimba yekuwana, uye kushandisa nguva dzose kutarisa.
Kutanga yako yemahara muedzo naXygeni nhasi kuchengetedza mapurogiramu ako nemhinduro dzekuchengetedza dzepamusoro. Dzivirira chain yako yekupa software uye bvisa matambudziko ekuchengetedza vasati varwisa!
