Chimwe chishandiso chakakosha chiri kuwana mukurumbira mukusimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwesoftware ndicho Software Bill of Materials kana SBOM. apo SBOMs dzagara dzichishandiswa nevagadziri vemapurogiramu, kukosha kwadzo kwakawedzera zvisingarambiki munguva pfupi yapfuura, kunyanya nekuburitswa kwe Mutemo weHurumende weKuvandudza Kuchengetedzeka kweInternet muNyika. Asi chii chinonzi SBOM, uye sei zvichikosha zvikuru munyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwesoftware? Ngatitsanangure zvakavanzika toongorora kukosha kwazvo.
Zviri Mukati
Chii chinonzi SBOM?
Unoziva here kuti chii chinonzi SBOMSezvakataurwa neNTIA zvine hungwaru, "An SBOM ibhuku rakanyorwa, runyorwa rwezvinhu zvinoumba zvikamu zvesoftware. " Funga nezvazvo serunyorwa rwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakubika. Sezvo resipi ichinyora zvese zvinodiwa pakubika chikafu, SBOM inoronga zvese zvikamu uye zvinoenderana nesoftware application. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvese kubva kumaraibhurari akavhurika uye zvikamu zvevamwe kusvika kukodhi nemarezinesi emakambani.
SBOM kuchengetedzwa kunopa maonero akazara ezvivakwa zvesoftware application, zvichibvumira masangano kunzwisisa nekugadzirisa njodzi dzekuchengetedza dzine chekuita nechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Kuonekwa uku kunobatsira mukuongorora kushaya simba, kutevera zvichangobva kuitika, uye kuona kushaya simba mukati me software supply chain.
Zviitiko Zvikuru Kutyaira SBOM Adoption
Kugamuchirwa kwe SBOM Kuchengetedzeka kwakawedzera simba mumakore achangopfuura, zvichikonzerwa nezviitiko zvakakosha nekufambira mberi:
- Mutemo weVatungamiriri weKuvandudza Kuchengetedzwa Kwemakombiyuta Munyika (EO 14028): Muna Chivabvu 2021, White House yakaburitsa EO 14028, iyo inorayira kushandiswa kwe SBOMs kune mamwe masisitimu esoftware akakosha muhurumende yemubatanidzwa uye anokurudzira kushandiswa kwawo mubazi rakazvimirira.
- National Institute of StandardKuvandudzwa kweCybersecurity Framework yeS neTekinoroji (NIST): Muna 2022, NIST yakagadzirisa Cybersecurity Framework yayo kuti ivabatanidze senzira huru yekuvandudza software supply chain security.
- Sangano Renyika Dzepasi Pose re Standardkusimudzira (ISO) Standardkuvandudzwa: Muna 2023, ISO yakaburitsa ISO/IEC 5280:2023 standard nokuti SBOMs, zvichipa standardnzira yakajairwa yekugadzira, kutarisira, uye kuchinjana data.
Ruzivo rwupi runoita SBOM zvine here?
SBOMs anowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. SPDX neCycloneDX ndedzimwe dzedzinonyanya kushandiswa SBOM mafomu.
Kazhinji inosanganisira zvikamu zvinotevera zvakakosha:
- Software Zvikamu: Rondedzero yakadzama yezvikamu zvese zvesoftware zvinoshandiswa muchigadzirwa, kusanganisira maraibhurari, maframework, uye ma binary.
- Nhamba dzeShanduro: Zvinoratidza mavhezheni chaiwo echikamu chega chega chesoftware, zvichiita kuti pave nekukwanisa kuteverwa uye kuzivikanwa kwezvipingamupinyi zvinogona kuitika.
- Dependencies: Mepu yehukama huripo pakati pezvikamu zvesoftware, inoratidza kuti zvinodyidzana sei uye kuti zvinotsamirana sei.
- Metadata: Ruzivo rwakawedzerwa rwune chekuita nechikamu chega chega chesoftware, senge rezenisi, ruzivo rwemutengesi, uye ruzivo rwekodzero dzekodzero.
- Kuchengetedzwa Kwekukuvadzwa: Kana zviripo, ruzivo nezve zvikanganiso zvinozivikanwa zvine chekuita nezvikamu zvesoftware.
Muenzaniso weCycloneDX SBOM muchimiro cheJSON
{ "bomFormat": "CycloneDX", "specVersion": "1.3", "serialNumber": "urn:uuid:6a77d60f-8711-4fb2-ba57-80a8a4a6d2a1", , "version": 1, "metadata": { "timestamp": "2023-10-30T12:30:00Z", "tools": [ { "vendor": "Xygeni.io", "name": "SBOM Generator", "version": "1.0" } ] }, "components": [ { "type": "library", "name": "nacl-library", "version": "1.0.0", "group": "com.example.security", "licenses": [ { "id": "Apache-2.0", "name": "Apache License 2.0", "url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0" } ] }, { "type": "application", "name": "secure-app", "version": "2.5.1", "group": "com.example.apps", "licenses": [ { "id": "MIT", "name": "MIT License", "url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT" } ], "components": [ { "type": "framework", "name": "Spring Boot", "version": "2.6.0", "licenses": [ { "id": "Apache-2.0", "name": "Apache License 2.0", "url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0" } ] }, { "type": "library", "name": "log4j", "version": "2.14.1", "licenses": [ { "id": "Apache-2.0", "name": "Apache License 2.0", "url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0" } ] } ] } ] } Sei SBOM Kuchengetedzwa Kwakakosha Mukuchengetedzwa Kwesoftware
Kuzivikanwa uye Kugadziriswa kweKukuvadzwa kweVarwere
SBOMs inoita basa rakakosha mukuona nekugadzirisa matambudziko ekuchengetedza mumapurogiramu esoftware. Nekupa runyorwa rwakakwana rwezvikamu zvese zvesoftware uye zvinoenderana nazvo, zvinogonesa masangano kuti:
- Tevedzera mavambo ezvikamu: SBOMs inoratidza mavambo ezvikamu zvesoftware, zvichibvumira masangano kudzokorodza kodhi yekutanga kana package kuti awane ruzivo rwekukuvadzwa uye mapetch.
- Ziva zvikanganiso zvinozivikanwa: SBOMs dzinogona kuskenwa zvichienderana nedatabase renjodzi kuti dzione zvikanganiso zvinozivikanwa zvine chekuita nezvikamu zvakati. Maitiro aya anobatsira masangano kuti agadzire zvikanganiso zvakakosha zvisati zvashandiswa nevapambi.
- Ongorora kuongorora kwekusagadzikana: SBOMs inogona kushandiswa kuita otomatiki maitiro ekuongorora njodzi, zvichichengetedza nguva nesimba kune vanogadzira uye mapoka ekuchengetedza. Kuzvigadzira otomatiki uku kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwekuedza kwekutarisira njodzi.
Kutevedzera Kuchengetedzwa Kwakawedzerwa Standards
Kugamuchirwa kwe SBOM kuchengetedzeka kuri kuramba kuchikosha kuti masangano aratidze kutevedzera kuchengetedzwa kwesoftware standardmitemo. Masangano akati wandei eindasitiri nemasangano ehurumende akarayira kushandiswa kwe SBOMs, kusanganisira:
- Dhipatimendi reDziviriro reUS (DoD): Inorayira kushandiswa kwe SBOMs yesoftware yese yakagadzirwa kana kushandiswa neDoD.
- Sangano reNational Security Agency (NSA): Inokurudzirwa kushandisa kuwedzera kunaka software supply chain security.
- Sangano reNational Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)): Inokurudzira kusimudzirwa nekushandiswa kwe SBOM standards uye nhungamiro.
- The OpenSSF Kushanda BokaChirongwa chinotungamirwa nenharaunda chinokurudzira standardkugamuchirwa uye kushandiswa kwe SBOMs.
Nekutevedzera mitemo iyi, masangano anogona kuratidza commitkuchengetedzeka kwepaindaneti uye kuzvidzivirira kubva kumari dzemitero nemitongo inogona kubhadharwa.
Enhanced Transparency uye Traceability
Vanokurudzira kujeka uye kutevedzana kwese kwese kwesoftware supply chain. Nekupa maonero akajeka uye akakwana ezvikamu zvesoftware uye kwayakabva, SBOMs inogona kubatsira ku:
- Ziva uye kuderedza kurwiswa kwecheni yekugovera: SBOMs inogona kushandiswa kuona zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakakanganiswa kana vatengesi. Ruzivo urwu runogona kushandiswa kutora matanho ekugadzirisa kudzivirira kurwiswa kwecheni yekugovera.
- Kuvandudza kushandira pamwe pakati pevane chekuita nechirongwa: SBOMIzvi zvinogona kubatsira kushandira pamwe pakati pevagadziri vesoftware, mapoka ekuchengetedza, nevamwe vane chekuita nesoftware iyi. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuona kuti munhu wese anobatanidzwa anonzwisisa zvakajeka kuumbwa kwesoftware iyi uye mamiriro ayo ekuchengetedza.
Mhinduro Inoshanda yeZviitiko
Zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yekukanganiswa kunokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwekuchengetedza ne:
- Kuzivikanwa nekukurumidza uye kugadziriswa: SBOMIzvi zvinogonesa masangano kuona nekugadzirisa matambudziko aripo pakutanga kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisati zvaendeswa kunzvimbo dzekugadzira. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirira matambudziko aripo, akadai sekutyorwa kwedata uye kudzima kwedata.
- Nguva yakaderedzwa yekugadzirisa: SBOMs inogona kukurumidzisa maitiro ekugadzirisa nekupa vagadziri kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwezvikamu zvakakanganiswa uye zvinoenderana nazvo. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza nguva inotora kuona nekushandisa mapeti, zvichideredza mukana wekuti varwisi vashandise zvipingamupinyi.
Emerging Trends in SBOM Kugamuchirwa Kwekuchengetedzwa
Sekugamuchirwa kwe SBOMs ichiramba ichikura, maitiro akati wandei ari kuumba mamiriro ezvinhu:
- StandardKubatanidzwa uye Kushanda pamwe chete: The standardKugadzirwa kwemafomati, akadai seCycloneDX, kuri kukurudzira kushanda pamwe chete pakati pezvishandiso zvakasiyana nemapuratifomu.
- Kubatanidzwa neDevOps uye CI/CD Pipelines: SBOMs dziri kubatanidzwa muDevOps uye CI/CD pipelines kugadzira, kutarisira, uye kugovera data otomatiki.
- Cloud-Yakavakirwa SBOM Solutions: Cloud-yakavakirwa SBOM mhinduro dziri kubuda, dzichipa masangano puratifomu inokwanisika kukura uye yakachengeteka yekugadzirisa data ravo.
- Kuwedzera Kushandira Pamwe Chete uye Kuvaka Nharaunda: The SBOM nharaunda iri kukura, nemasangano nevanhu vari kushanda pamwe chete pazvirongwa zvekusimudzira SBOM kugamuchira nekusimudzira kuchengetedzeka.
Ndoiwana sei SBOM & Kuvandudza Kuchengetedzeka kweSoftware yangu?
Zvino zvawava kuziva kuti chii chinonzi SBOM unonzwisisa kuti kugadzira nekuchengetedza SBOM Kuchengetedza kunogona kuva basa rakaoma, kunyanya kumasangano ane cheni huru uye yakaoma yekugovera software. Chikuva chaXygeni inogona kugadzira otomatiki SBOMs yesoftware yako mumafomati anoshandiswa zvakanyanya eSPDX neCycloneDX. Izvi zvinoitawo kuti mitemo yehurumende yeUS neindasitiri zvitevedzwe. standards, dzakadai seCybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) zvinodiwa.
Kuchinja Kuchengetedzwa kweSoftware uye Kuona Kuvimbika kweDigital
SBOM isimba rinochinja munyika yedhijitari, richichinja shanduko huru software supply chain security uye kupa masimba masangano kuti akwanise kufamba nechivimbo muzvinhu zvakaoma zvemapurogiramu emazuva ano. Kugona kwavo kusimudzira pachena, kuchengetedza kuvimbika, uye kugadzirisa kutevedzera mitemo kunoita kuti vave chishandiso chakakosha kumapoka ekuchengetedza pasi rese.
Kukumbira SBOM kuchengetedzeka kwakakosha kune chero sangano rinovavarira kuvandudza maitiro ekuchengetedza software. Kunzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi "software". SBOM inowedzera kuonekwa kwecheni yekugovera, zvichibatsira mapoka ekuchengetedza kugadzirisa njodzi uye kuona kuti mitemo inotevedzwa zvinobudirira.
As SBOM Kushandiswa kwaro kuri kuramba kuchikura, basa rayo guru mukuchengetedza nharaunda dzesoftware rinowedzera kujeka. Masangano anogamuchira SBOMHavasi kungogadzirisa matambudziko chete; vari kuisa mari mune ramangwana rekuchengetedzwa kwesoftware, vachiona kuti zvivakwa zvavo zvedhijitari zviri kushanda zvakanaka uye zvinogara kwenguva refu. SBOMs haisi chishandiso chete; inyaya inokosha kumasangano ari kutsvaga kubudirira munyika ine ruzivo rwakawanda.
