Isizathu Sokuba Kutheni Kukho Ubuthathaka Bokhuseleko Kwisoftware Nendlela Yokunciphisa Ubunzima Bayo
Ubuthathaka besoftware kudala iindawo zokungena kubaphuli-mthetho be-intanethi ukuba babe idatha, baphazamise imisebenzi, kwaye bafumane ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga. Isizathu sokuba ubuthathaka bokhuseleko kwisoftware buvela rhoqo ngenxa yeendlela ezimbi zokubhala iikhowudi, isoftware engalungiswanga, ulungelelwaniso olungalunganga, kunye nemixokelelwane yokubonelela ebuthathaka. Ukongeza, imijikelo yophuhliso olukhawulezayo kunye nokuxhomekeka okwandayo kwi ukuxhomekeka komntu wesithathu inegalelo ekukhuleni komphezulu wohlaselo.
Ukungajongani nobuthathaka bokhuseleko kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni yimali, isohlwayo somthetho, kunye nokonakala kwegama. Ngokufanayo, amashishini angayinakiyo imigca yokhuseleko kwaye angakwazi ukukhusela uthungelwano lwawo lokubonelela ngesoftware azibeka engozini enkulu ye-intanethi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqonda isizathu sokuba kubekho ubuthathaka bokhuseleko kwisoftware linyathelo lokuqala lokuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko lwe-intanethi asebenzayo.
Izibalo zoBunzima boKhuseleko oluPhambili:
- 83% yokwaphulwa kwemithetho kwenzeka ngenxa yobuncinane bobuthathaka bokhuseleko olunye.
- I-60% yohlaselo lwe-cyber kuvela kwiingxaki zokhuseleko ezingalungiswanga.
- Ukwanda ngama-742% kohlaselo lweenkqubo zesoftware phakathi kowama-2019 nowama-2022, nto leyo ethe yasebenzisa ubuthathaka bokhuseleko kubantu abaxhomekeke kwabanye.
Ngenxa yezi zibalo zixhalabisayo, imibutho kufuneka inciphise ubuthathaka ngaphambi kokuba abahlaseli bayixhaphaze.
1. Iindlela Ezimbi Zokubhala Iikhowudi: Isizathu Esiphambili Sokuba Kutheni Kukho Ubuthathaka Bokhuseleko Kwisoftware
Abaphuhlisi bazisa ubuthathaka bokhuseleko xa bebhala ikhowudi engakhuselekanga. Ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa okufanelekileyo kokufakwayo, ukuqinisekiswa okukhuselekileyo, kunye nokubethela, abahlaseli banokulawula ngokulula usetyenziso. Ngenxa yoko, obu buthathaka besoftware budala iindawo zokungena kwizisongelo ze-cyber, ekugqibeleni zikhokelela ekuphulweni kwedatha kunye nokuthathwa kwenkqubo.
I-SQL Injection – Umngcipheko Wokhuseleko Oluqhelekileyo
Umzekelo, ukujova nge-SQL yenye yezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo zokhuseleko. Abahlaseli basebenzisa esi siphene xa abaphuhlisi bengaphumeleli ukucoca igalelo lomsebenzisi. Ngenxa yoko, bafaka imiyalelo ye-SQL, badlule ekuqinisekisweni, kwaye bafumana ukufikelela kwidatha eyimfihlo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, esi siphene sibangele ukwaphulwa kwedatha okukhulu kumashishini amaninzi.
Iziphumo zoHlaselo lwe-SQL Injection:
- Abaphangi beba iinkcukacha zomsebenzisi kunye nedatha yezemali, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwemali.
- Abenzi bobubi batshintsha okanye bacime iirekhodi zedathabheyisi, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki zokugcinwa kwedatha.
- Imibutho ifumana idumela elihle kunye nomonakalo wemali ngenxa yolwazi lwabathengi oluvuzayo.
Indlela Yokuthintela Olu Bungozi Lokhuseleko:
Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa nge-SQL ngenaliti, imibutho kufuneka ithathe amanyathelo okukhawulezisa kuzo zonke izigaba zophuhliso.
- Landela izikhokelo zokufaka iikhowudi ezikhuselekileyo ezivela OWASP Top 10 ukunciphisa iingozi.
- Sebenzisa imibuzo esekwe kwiparameter kwaye ulungiselele iingxelo zokuthintela Inaliti ye-SQL.
- Ukuziphatha Uvavanyo loKhuseleko lweSicelo esiNgaguqukiyo (SAST) ukufumanisa ubuthathaka kwangethuba.
Ngokuthatha la manyathelo okuthintela, amashishini anokunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuhlaselwa nge-SQL kunye nokuqinisa ukhuseleko lwezicelo.
2. Isoftware Engafakwanga: Unobangela Ophambili Wokungakwazi Ukuzikhusela
Iingxaki ezininzi zokhuseleko zivela kwisoftware engalungiswanga. Enyanisweni, abaphuli-mthetho be-intanethi bakhangela ngamandla iingxaki ezaziwayo, benethemba lokuba imibutho iya kulibazisa ukuhlaziya. Ngenxa yoko, amashishini angawunanziyo uhlaziyo lokhuseleko ashiya iinkqubo zawo zisengozini yokuhlaselwa.
I-Log4Shell – Umngcipheko Onzima Wokhuseleko
Cinga ngemeko yeLog4Shell, enye yezona ngxaki zokhuseleko zimbi kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi, iLog4Shell vulnerability (CVE-2021-44228) kwiApache Log4j ivumele abahlaseli ukuba basebenzise ikhowudi ekude kwizigidi zezixhobo. Ngenxa yoko, amashishini kumashishini ahlukeneyo aphulukene nokwaphulwa kwedatha okukhulu kunye nokusilela kwenkqubo. Okubi nangakumbi kukuba, izigebenga ze-intanethi zisebenzise esi siphene kwihlabathi liphela, zichaphazela imibutho kwihlabathi liphela.
Impembelelo yokuxhatshazwa kweLog4Shell:
- Izigebenga ze-intanethi zisebenzise i-ransomware kwaye zeba idatha eyimfihlo, nto leyo ephazamisa imisebenzi yehlabathi.
- Iinkampani ezinkulu, kuquka iMicrosoft, iAmazon, kunye neTesla, zifumene ukwaphulwa okukhulu kokhuseleko.
- Ixabiso lilonke lokunciphisa iindleko lidlule kwi-12 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwihlabathi liphela, ngokutsho kwe- CISIngxelo.
Indlela Yokuthintela Olu Bungozi Lokhuseleko:
Ngenxa yezi ngozi, iinkampani kufuneka zibeke phambili ulungiso kunye nolawulo lobuthathaka.
- Sebenzisa ulawulo lwe-patch oluzenzekelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isoftware ihlala ihlaziywa.
- Beka phambili ukubekwa kwepetshi ngokusebenzisa iNkqubo yokuBala i-Exploit Prediction (EPSS) ukulungisa ubuthathaka obunobungozi obukhulu kuqala.
- Fundisa Application Security Posture Management (ASPM) ukuze kuhlale kubekwa esweni isoftware endala.
Ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zokhuseleko, imibutho inokuhlala iphambili kubahlaseli kwaye ithintele ukuba ubuthathaka besoftware kwixesha elizayo bungasetyenziswa.
3. Ukulungiswa gwenxa: Umngcipheko woKhuseleko onokuthintelwa
Amaxesha amaninzi, iinkonzo zelifu ezingacwangciswanga kakuhle, iidathabheyisi, kunye nezicwangciso zenethiwekhi zenza ubuthathaka obukhulu bokhuseleko. Ukuba amaqela okhuseleko ayasilela ukusebenzisa ulawulo olufanelekileyo lokufikelela, abahlaseli banokusebenzisa ngokulula ulungelelwaniso olungalunganga baze bafumane ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga.
Iidathabheyisi Eziveziweyo Ezinoqwalaselo Olubuthathaka
Enye yezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo kukushiya ii-database zelifu zifikeleleka esidlangalaleni. Imibutho emininzi ayizikhuseli ngokufanelekileyo ezi dathabase, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zihlasele. Ngenxa yoko, abaphangi baskena i-intanethi befuna iinkonzo ezingacwangciswanga kakuhle baze babe idatha eyimfihlo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi ngxaki zokhuseleko zikhokelele ekuvuthweni kwedatha okukhulu.
Impembelelo yoLungiselelo olungalunganga lweLifu:
- Abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga bafumana ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwiidathabheyisi, nto leyo eveza idatha ebalulekileyo yeshishini.
- Abahlaseli bakhupha idatha yabathengi baze bayithengise kwi-dark web, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wobuqhetseba.
- Iinkampani zijongene nemigwebo yemithetho ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwe-GDPR kunye ne-CCPA ngenxa yokulawulwa kakubi kokhuseleko.
Indlela Yokuthintela Olu Bungozi Lokhuseleko:
Ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezixhobo, imibutho kufuneka yamkele iindlela zokusasaza ezikhuselekileyo kwaye inyanzelise imigaqo-nkqubo yokufikelela engqongqo.
- ukusebenzisa Iiziseko zophuhliso njengeKhowudi (IaC) ukhuseleko ukunyanzelisa ulungiselelo oluchanekileyo.
- Sebenzisa uLawulo loFikelelo oluSekelwe kwiNzame (RBAC) ukuze unciphise ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga.
- kusebenze Izixhobo zoLawulo lweeMfihlo ukukhusela iziqinisekiso eziyimfihlo.
Ngokunyanzelisa ezi lawulo, amashishini anokunciphisa iingozi zokungacwangciswa kakuhle kwaye aphucule ukhuseleko lwamafu.
4. Uhlaselo lweTyathanga lokuThenga: Isizathu esikhulayo sokuba kubekho ubuthathaka bokhuseleko kwiSoftware
Ii-aplikeshini zanamhlanje zixhomekeke kwiilayibrari zomntu wesithathu kunye nokuxhomekeka. Nangona kunjalo, abahlaseli badla ngokujolisa ezi nxalenye ukuze bazifake. isoftweNgenxa yesi sizathu, amashishini kufuneka akhusele uthotho lwawo lobonelelo lwesoftware ukuthintela ukwaphulwa okukhulu kwemithetho.
SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack
Izigebenga ze-intanethi zingene kwi-SolarWinds Orion updates, zifaka ii-backdoors kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu enterprise isoftware. Ngenxa yoko, amawaka emibutho ngokungazi afake uhlaziyo olunobungozi, kuquka iinkampani zeFortune 500 kunye neearhente zikarhulumente.
Iziphumo zoHlaselo lweTyathanga lokuNikezela ngeenkonzo:
- Abaphangi basebenzise iingcango zangasemva ukuze bafumane ukufikelela ixesha elide kuthungelwano lweenkampani kunye noorhulumente.
- Iiarhente zikarhulumente ziye zafumana iingxaki zobuntlola kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza, nto leyo ebeka ukhuseleko lwesizwe emngciphekweni.
- Umonakalo wezemali udlule kwi-100 yezigidi zeerandi, ngokutsho kwe- Ingxelo kaRhulumente wase-US.
Indlela Yokukhusela Uthotho Lobonelelo lweSoftware:
Ekubeni uhlaselo lwe-supply chain lusanda, amashishini kufuneka athathe amanyathelo asebenzayo ukukhusela abantu abaxhomekeke kuwo.
- nesimo Uhlalutyo loBume beSoftware (SCA) ukuphonononga rhoqo ukuxhomekeka kwabo babuthathaka kwaye babone iingozi kwangethuba.
- Sebenzisa iXygeni's Open Source Security ukuchonga nokuvala iipakethe ezine-malware ngaphambi kokuba zibeke emngciphekweni usetyenziso.
- Yenza iiBhili zeSoftware zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo (SBOMs) ukulandelela izinto zomntu wesithathu, ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala ngokupheleleyo kwikhonkco lobonelelo lwesoftware.
Ngokuthatha la manyathelo okhuseleko asebenzayo, imibutho inokuyiphucula indlela ebuthathaka ngayo kukhuseleko. Ngenxa yoko, inokuyeka ukwaphulwa okukhulu kwamalungelo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke kwaye iphephe ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Ukongeza, ukugcina uthungelwano lokubonelela lukhuselekile kunceda amashishini ahlale ethobela imithetho yoshishino kwaye akhusele idatha eyimfihlo. Ekugqibeleni, le mizamo yenza iinkqubo ziqine ngakumbi kwizisongelo ze-intanethi.
5. Izisongelo Zangaphakathi: Umngcipheko Wokhuseleko Oqhele Ukungahoywa
Nangona uninzi lugxila kwizisongelo zangaphandle, iingozi zangaphakathi ziyingozi ngokufanayo. Bobabini abantu abangaphakathi abanobungozi kunye nabasebenzi abangakhathaliyo banokuzisa ubuthathaka bokhuseleko ngokucwangcisa iinkqubo gwenxa, ukuphatha idatha eyimfihlo gwenxa, okanye ukutyhila ngokungazi ngabom iziqinisekiso zokufikelela. Ngenxa yoko, imibutho kufuneka inyanzelise imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko lwangaphakathi engqongqo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezisongelo zangaphakathi.
Ujongano Lolawulo Oluveziweyo Ngenxa Yolawulo Olubuthathaka Lokufikelela
Cinga ngezicelo zewebhu ezineephaneli zolawulo ezingathintelwanga—ziinjongo eziphambili zohlaselo lwamandla angaqhelekanga. Ukuba iinkampani ziyasilela ukunyanzelisa imigaqo-nkqubo eqinileyo yokuqinisekisa, abahlaseli banokufikelela ngokulula kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo. Kaloku, izisongelo ezininzi zangaphakathi zenzeka ngenxa yokulawula ukufikelela okubuthathaka, kungekuphela nje ukwenzakalisa ngabom.
Impembelelo Yezisongelo Zangaphakathi:
- Abasebenzi baveza ngempazamo idatha eyimfihlo, bephula imithetho yokuthobela imithetho.
- Abaphangi beba iimvume zolawulo baze bandise amalungelo abo, baze bathathele phezulu iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo.
- Imibutho ifumana umonakalo kwezemali nakwigama layo, ngokutsho kwe- Ingxelo kaGartner.
Indlela Yokunciphisa Iingozi Zangaphakathi:
Ukuze kuncitshiswe izoyikiso zangaphakathi, amashishini kufuneka asebenzise imigaqo-nkqubo yokufikelela engqongqo kunye nezixhobo zokubeka esweni.
- Sebenzisa i-Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) kuzo zonke ii-akhawunti zolawulo ukuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga.
- Nciphisa ukufikelela kwiiphaneli zolawulo usebenzisa ii-VPN okanye iinethiwekhi zabucala ukunciphisa ukuvezwa.
- Qengqela ngaphandle Ukufunyanwa kwe-Anomaly kaXygeni ukujonga imisebenzi ekrokrisayo kwi CI/CD pipelinekwaye ubonise indlela yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga.
Ngokusebenzisa olu lawulo lokhuseleko lwangaphakathi, imibutho inokunciphisa kakhulu iingozi ezinxulumene nezoyikiso zangaphakathi.
Yintoni elandelayo?
Imibutho kufuneka iqonde ukuba kutheni kukho ubuthathaka bokhuseleko kwisoftware ukuze ithathe amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo. Okokuqala, abaphuhlisi kufuneka babhale ikhowudi ekhuselekileyo ukuthintela iziphene zesoftware. Kwangaxeshanye, Amaqela e-IT kufuneka bafake amaphetshana ngokukhawuleza ukuze bayeke ukuxhaphaza. Okwangoku, iinjineli zokhuseleko kufuneka zijonge izisongelo ezenzeka ngexesha langempela ukuze zithintele ukuhlaselwa kwe-intanethi ngaphambi kokuba kwenze ingozi.
Ngaphezu koko, ubuthathaka bokhuseleko budla ngokuvela ekungacwangcisweni kakuhle, isoftware endala, kunye nobuthathaka bobonelelo. Njengoko izisongelo ze-cyber ziqhubeka zitshintsha, amashishini kufuneka ahlale phambili ngokwamkela iinkqubo zokhuseleko zanamhlanje, ukunyanzelisa ulawulo olungqongqo lokufikelela, kunye nokusebenzisa ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo.
Qala ityala lakho lasimahla kunye neXygeni namhlanje ukukhusela usetyenziso lwakho ngezisombululo zokhuseleko eziphambili. Khusela uthotho lwakho lobonelelo lwesoftware kwaye ususe ubuthathaka bokhuseleko ngaphambi kokuba abahlaseli bahlasele!
