Ngowama-2023, ukwaphulwa kwedatha kufike kwincopho entsha, okubangelwa kukuhlaselwa kwe-zero-day kunye ne-supply chain, ngokutsho kwe- Iziko leZixhobo zoBusela boBuwena (ITRC)Xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2022, izehlo zinyuke ngama-78%, zizonke zifikelela kuma-3,205, zidlula irekhodi langaphambili lokwaphulwa kwemithetho eli-1,860 ngo-2021. Ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware evulelekileyo kube negalelo ekwandeni kohlaselo lweentsuku ezingenanto. Iingcali zilindele ukunyuka okungaphezulu ngo-2024 njengoko abahlaseli bephucula iindlela zabo. Oku kugxininisa imfuneko ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko oluqinileyo lwe-cyber kunye nokuthintela nokufumanisa uhlaselo oluqhubekekayo lweentsuku ezingenanto.
"Ngowama-2023, ukwaphulwa kwedatha kwanda kakhulu, izehlo zanda ngama-78%, nto leyo ebonakalisa impembelelo ekhulayo yokuhlaselwa kweentsuku ezingenanto okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwesoftware evulelekileyo"
Yintoni uhlaselo lweZero Day?
NIST ibonisa Uhlaselo lwe-Zero-Day njengokuxhaphaza ubuthathaka obungachazwanga kwi-hardware, i-firmware, okanye isoftware. Ezi zihlaselo nxamnye nobuthathaka obungaziwayo luluntu okanye uluntu oluphuhlisa isoftware, ngoko ke akukho patch okanye lungiso lufumanekayo lokunciphisa ubungozi. Igama elithile "Usuku olungenanto" kuvela kwinto yokuba abaphuhlisi abanazo iintsuku zokulungisa ingxaki xa sele isetyenzisiwe.
Ngaba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi? Funda eyethu uluhlu lwamagama!
Iinkqubo zokuXhasa ngeMini engekhoyo
Uhlaselo lwe-Zero Day luqala ngokufumanisa ubuthathaka obungajongwanga. Ikhowudi enobungozi emva koko iyilwa kwaye isetyenziswe ukuze isebenzise obu buthathaka. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa ziquka ukufaka ikhowudi kwizinamathiselo ze-imeyile okanye ngeewebhusayithi ezenzelwe ukwenza ikhowudi xa undwendwela. Ukusetyenziswa kwale khowudi kunokubangela ubusela bedatha, ukufakwa kwe-malware, okanye ezinye iindlela zokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga, okubeka abantu emngciphekweni omkhulu.
Iintlobo Eziqhelekileyo Zokuxhatshazwa Kwemihla Ngemihla
- SQL Injection: Olu hlaselo lusebenzisa ubuthathaka kwimisebenzi yombuzo wedathabheyisi yesoftware. standard Imibuzo ye-SQL yokwenza imisebenzi yedatha engagunyaziswanga, efana nokufikelela, ukuguqula, okanye ukucima idatha eyimfihlo. Ukuzikhusela ekufakweni kwe-SQL kuquka ukusebenzisa iingxelo ezilungisiweyo kunye nemibuzo esekwe kwi-parameter, ethintela igalelo langaphandle ekutshintsheni isakhiwo semibuzo.
- Isikripthi esinqamlezayo (XSS): Kwizihlaselo ze-XSS, izikripthi ezinobuthi zifakwa kumxholo ovela kwiwebhusayithi ezithembekileyo. Ezi zikripthi zisebenza ngaphakathi kwisiphequluli sexhoba kwaye zinokuba iikuki, iithokheni zeseshoni, okanye olunye ulwazi oluyimfihlo. Ukuzikhusela ngokubanzi kubandakanya ukucoca nokuqinisekisa naluphi na ulwazi lomsebenzisi ukuqinisekisa ukuba alunakutolikwa njengekhowudi esebenzisekayo.
- Ukugcwala kweBuffer: Olu qhankqalazo lwenzeka xa idatha idlula kwii-buffer zesoftware kwaye ibhala ngaphezulu kwememori ekufutshane. Oku kunokuvumela ikhowudi yomhlaseli ukuba isebenze ngaphakathi kwenkqubo, nto leyo enokubangela ukufikelela okanye ukulawula okungagunyaziswanga. Iindlela zokukhusela ziquka ukusebenzisa imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo yokulawula imemori kunye nokusebenzisa ii-canaries ukufumanisa nokuthintela ukonakala kwememori.
Indlela Uhlaselo Lwe-Zero Day Olwahluke Ngayo Kwezinye Izisongelo Ze-Cyber
IiZero Day Attacks zisebenzisa ubuthathaka obungaphandle kolwazi loluntu kwaye akukho ziphetshana zikhoyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izisongelo ze-cyber eziqhelekileyo zijolise kubuthathaka obaziwayo obuqhele ukujongwa ziiphetshana okanye iindlela zokunciphisa ezikhoyo.
Imingeni yokuFumana: Kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona i-Zero Zero-day attacks kuba ayilandeli iipatheni ezaziwayo ezinokuchongwa zizixhobo zokhuseleko. Ngaphandle kweempawu ezikhoyo, ezi zenzo zinokudlula iindlela zokuzikhusela zemveli, nto leyo ebeka iingozi ezinkulu kwiinkqubo ezingalungiselelwanga.
Ukujolisa kunye neMpembelelo: Olu hlaselo ludla ngokujolisa kwiinkampani ezixabisa kakhulu njengoorhulumente kunye neenkampani ezinkulu, lujolise ekufumaneni impembelelo enkulu. Indlela ezisebenza ngayo ngasese ibenza bahlale bengabonwa ixesha elide, nto leyo enika abahlaseli ithuba lokufumana ulwazi oluyimfihlo ixesha elide.
Ixabiso lentengo: Ulwazi malunga nobuthathaka be-Zero Day lunexabiso elikhulu kwimarike emnyama, lutsala abenzi bobubi abazimisele ukuhlawula amaxabiso aphezulu ngedatha enokuxhaphazwa.
Ulawulo lwePatch: Ulawulo lweengxaki zeZero Day lunzima ngenxa yokungabikho kwezisombululo ezikhawulezileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukubonwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye namanyathelo okuzikhusela abe yinto ebalulekileyo.
Imizekelo yoHlaselo lweZero Day
Uhlaselo lweZero Day lube semva kwezinye zezona zenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zidumileyo kunye nokuphazamiseka okubanzi kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Nazi imizekelo embalwa ephawulekayo:
I-Stuxnet Worm (2010): Mhlawumbi eyona nto idumileyo yeZero Day, iStuxnet yayiyi-computer worm enobuchule kakhulu eyayijolise kubalawuli be-logic abacwangcisiweyo abasetyenziselwa ukwenza iinkqubo zoshishino zibe zenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo. Yasetyenziselwa ukonakalisa inkqubo yenyukliya yase-Iran, isebenzisa ubuthathaka obune be-zero-day kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows. Ubunzima beStuxnet bubonakalise amandla emfazwe ye-cyber exhaswa ngurhulumente.
I-Sony Pictures Hack (2014): Abahlaseli basebenzise iqhinga le-Zero Day ukungena kwinethiwekhi yeSony, nto leyo ekhokelele ekonakaleni okukhulu kwezemali kunye nodumo lwenkampani. Idatha ebucayi, kuquka ii-imeyile zobuqu, idatha yabasebenzi, kunye neefilimu ezingakakhutshwa, zavuzwa. Olu hlaselo lugxininise impembelelo enzima enokubakho kuhlaselo lwe-Zero Day oluqhutywa kakuhle kubumfihlo kunye nepropathi yengqondo.
Ngaba ufuna ukwazi ngeendlela zokuthintela uhlaselo lwe-Zero Day? Qhubeka ufunda!
Zero-Day Attack Prevention
Ukwamkela icebo lokhuseleko lwe-intanethi olusebenzayo kubalulekile ekukhuseleni kwizoyikiso ze-Zero Day. Amanyathelo asebenzayo aquka:
Uhlaziyo lweSoftwe rhoqo: Uhlaziyo oluqhubekayo lubalulekile kuba lunceda ekulungiseni ubuthathaka obunokusetyenziswa ngabahlaseli.
Iinkqubo zokufumanisa usongo eziPhambili: Iinkqubo ezibona izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwindlela yokuziphatha kwenethiwekhi kunye nenkqubo zinokubona uhlaselo olunokwenzeka lwe-Zero Day kwangethuba.
Imfundo Epheleleyo Yabasebenzisi Bokugqibela: Kubalulekile ukufundisa abasebenzisi ngemingcipheko enokubakho kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zokubala, ezinje ngokuqaphela imizamo yokufihla ulwazi nge-phishing.
Amanyathelo Okulawula Ukufikelela Okungqongqo: Ukunyanzelisa ulawulo olungqongqo lokufikelela, kuquka iiprotokholi zokuqinisekisa eziqinileyo kunye neendima zomsebenzisi ezichaziweyo, kunokunciphisa ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kunye nokuhambahamba ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi.
Ukusetyenziswa kweZixhobo zoKhuseleko eziPhambili: Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokhuseleko eziphambili ezibonelela ngokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kunye neempendulo ezenzekelayo kubalulekile ekufumaneni ngokukhawuleza nasekunciphiseni izoyikiso. Ubuchwepheshe obutsha beXygeni buyayiphucula le nkqubo ngokufumanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ikhowudi enobungozi ngexesha langempela xa kupapashwa izinto ezintsha okanye ezisele zihlaziywa. Le nkqubo yazisa ngokukhawuleza abathengi kwaye ivalela izinto ezichaphazelekayo, ithintela ngempumelelo ukwaphulwa kwemithetho ngaphambi kokuba ibangele ingozi. Le ndlela isebenzayo ibalulekile ekugcineni ukhuseleko oluqinileyo lwe-cybersecurity xa kukho izoyikiso ezitshintshayo.
Ubuthathaka boHlaselo lwe-Zero-day
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kokhuseleko kunye novavanyo lobuthathaka kubalulekile. Oku kunceda ekuchongeni izikhewu zokhuseleko ezinokubakho kwiziseko ze-IT zombutho. Ukudibanisa izixhobo ezizenzekelayo kunye novavanyo lwesandla kuyimfuneko ukuze kuhlolwe kakuhle kwaye kulungiswe ezi ziphene. Ukongeza, isoyikiso seZero Day Malware Attacks siyakhula, ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezivulekileyo ezinokuthwala iipakethe ezinobungozi. Isisombululo seXygeni sifumanisa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye sikhusele kwi-malware yeZero Day ngexesha langempela, njengoko kufakwa izixhobo ezintsha okanye ezihlaziyiweyo. Le nkqubo ilumkisa abasebenzisi ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivale izixhobo eziyingozi, iqinisa ukhuseleko lombutho kwizisongelo ezingalindelekanga. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokhuseleko ihlala ilindile, ikhusela ngokukhutheleyo kwiingozi ezaziwayo nezivelayo.
Thatha iNyathelo nxamnye neZisongelo ze-Intanethi
Njengoko umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yiZero-Day usanda, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbutho wakho ulungele ukufumanisa nokuphendula kule mingeni ingalindelekanga kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Musa ukulinda ukuba kubekho ukwaphulwa komthetho ukuze utyhile ubuthathaka kukhuselo lwakho. Fumana uvavanyo lokhuseleko lobuchwephesha ukuze uchonge kwaye unciphise iingozi ezinokubakho. Kwabo bafuna izisombululo ezikhethekileyo, jonga izixhobo eziphambili zeXygeni ezenzelwe ukuphucula ukuma kwakho kokhuseleko.
TUmngeni weKhowudi enobungozi kwiSoftware evulelekileyo
Isoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo idunyiswa ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwayo, ivumela abaphuhlisi abavela kwihlabathi liphela ukuba bafake isandla ekukhuleni kwayo. Sekunjalo, olu vuleko luzisa ubuthathaka obukhulu, ingakumbi ukufakwa kwekhowudi enobungozi. Kwinkqubo yedijithali, ukufakwa kwekhowudi enobungozi kumaqonga omthombo ovulekileyo kunokubangela ukwaphulwa okukhulu kokhuseleko, okungagcini nje ngokuphazamisa ukuthembeka kwedatha kodwa kukwanciphisa ukuthembana nokuthembeka okusisiseko seeprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo.
Ukufakwa kwekhowudi enobungozi kunokuba yinto engabonakaliyo kakhulu—icandelo elincinci, elingabonwayo ngaphakathi kweziseko zekhowudi ezibanzi. Nje ukuba isebenze, le khowudi inokunceda imisebenzi eyonakalisayo efana nokukhupha idatha, ukudala ucango lwangasemva, okanye ezinye izenzo zokuxhaphaza iinkqubo zabasebenzisi. Uluntu oluvulelekileyo lujongene nomceli mngeni omkhulu ekujongeni rhoqo iminikelo kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo eziphambili zohlalutyo lwekhowudi ukuchonga nokunciphisa iingozi ezinokubakho.
Ngenxa yentsebenziswano ebanzi kunye nokuvuleleka kwezi projekthi, ukuhlala uphaphile kubalulekile. Abaphuhlisi kunye nabasebenzisi kufuneka babeke phambili iindlela zokhuseleko eziqinileyo, kwaye abagcini kufuneka basebenzise iinkqubo zokuhlaziya ezingqongqo ukukhusela kwimpembelelo eyingozi yekhowudi enobungozi. Ke ngoko, isimilo sokusebenzisana ngokuvulelekileyo sivavanywa rhoqo kwimingeni ebangelwa zizisongelo zokhuseleko lwe-intanethi.
Ukuthintela kunye nokunciphisa iKhowudi enobungozi
Ukukhusela ikhowudi enobungozi kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwesoftware, cinga ngala maqhinga alandelayo:
- UKhuseleko lweZenzo zokuKhowuda: Ukuqeqesha abaphuhlisi kwiikhowudi ezikhuselekileyo ukuthintela ubuthathaka kunye nokwenza uphononongo lweekhowudi rhoqo kubalulekile.
- Uvavanyo oluQhelekileyo loBungozi kunye noVavanyo lokuNgena: Ukuchonga nokujongana nobuthathaka bokhuseleko ngaphambi kokuba busetyenziswe kakubi kubalulekile.
- Uhlaziyo lweSoftware kunye noLawulo lweePatch: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isoftware ihlaziyiwe kubalulekile ekukhuseleni uhlaselo olusebenzisa ubuthathaka obaziwayo.
- Ukufakwa Koluhlu Olumhlophe lwesicelo: Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware kwii-applications ezivunyiweyo kwangaphambili kunceda ukuthintela iinkqubo ezingagunyaziswanga, kuquka nekhowudi enobungozi, ekusebenziseni.
- Ukhuseleko Ngexesha Lomjikelo Wophuhliso Lwesoftware (SDLC): Ukudibanisa ukhuseleko kuyo yonke indawo SDLC Isigaba siqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziqwalaselwe ngokhuseleko zihlala zihleli kwaye zihlangene.
- Uphononongo lweKhowudi kunye neeBinaries: Ukuhlola ikhowudi kunye neebhanari zokuziphatha okukrokrisayo okanye iisignatures ezaziwayo ze-malware kubalulekile. Le nkqubo yokuhlaziya ibandakanya uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha ukuze kufunyanwe izinto ezingaqhelekanga okanye iisignatures ezihambelana neengozi ezaziwayo, okubonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo ngokuchonga izinto ezinobungozi ngaphambi kokuba zisebenze ngaphakathi kwenkqubo.
Izixhobo Eziphambili Zokuphucula Ukhuseleko
Isixhobo sokuFumanisa iKhowudi enobungozi yeXygeni
Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokhuseleko ezintsonkothileyo ezifana Xygeni.io, ukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kwikhowudi esengozini neyingozi. Ibonelela ngophononongo olupheleleyo, olupheleleyo, noluneenkcukacha lwephakheji evulekileyo; ukufunyanwa kwe-malware okuphuculweyo; kwakhona, ukulandelela kunye nokuthintela kuhlaziyo lwangempela. Zonke ezi mpawu ziqinisekisa ukuba isoftware yakho ikhuselekile kuzo zonke iinkalo, ukusuka kuphuhliso ukuya ekusetyenzisweni, kwaye iyaqhubeka nokugcina ukhuseleko oluqinileyo kwiingozi ezinokubakho.
Indlela esebenzayo, enamandla, nebanzi esetyenziswa lolu khuseleko lwesoftware iya kuvumela imibutho ukuba ithathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo nxamnye nayo nayiphi na ingozi entsha enokuthi ibeke izinto zayo zedijithali kungenelelo olunobungozi.
Thatha iNyathelo nxamnye neZisongelo ze-Intanethi
Njengoko umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yiZero-Day usanda, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbutho wakho ukulungele ukufumanisa nokuphendula kule mingeni ingalindelekanga kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Musa ukulinda ukuba kubekho ukwaphulwa komthetho ukuze utyhile ubuthathaka obukwiindlela zakho zokuzikhusela.
Fumana uncedo lovavanyo lokhuseleko oluyingcali ukuchonga nokunciphisa iingozi ezinokubakho. Kwabo bafuna izisombululo ezikhethekileyo, hlola izixhobo eziphambili zeXygeni yenzelwe ukuphucula ukuma kwakho kokhuseleko kunye nokukhusela kwiingozi ezivelayo.
