Kuyini Ukuvuza Okuyimfihlo?
Ukuvuza okuyimfihlo, okwaziwa nangokuthi “leak secrets” noma “ukudalulwa okuyimfihlo,” ukudalulwa okungagunyaziwe kolwazi oluyimfihlo, njengezihluthulelo ze-API, amaphasiwedi, kanye nezitifiketi eziyimfihlo. Kungenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphutha abantu, izinhlelo ezingalungiselelwe kahle, kanye nokuhlaselwa okunonya.
Umqondo wokuvuza okuyimfihlo waqala ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-cryptography lapho abacwaningi beqala ukutadisha ukuthi ulwazi olubucayi lungadalulwa kanjani ngengozi noma ngamabomu. Kodwa-ke, igama elithi “ukuvuza okuyimfihlo” alizange lisetshenziswe kabanzi kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho laqala ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza izingozi zokuphepha ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa okwandayo kolwazi lwedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana.
Ukuhlasela kokuqala okwaziwayo kwenzeka ngo-1982 lapho iqembu labaphangi beba okhiye bokubethela abasetshenziselwa ukuvikela idatha kahulumeni wase-US eyimfihlo. Lokhu kuhlasela, Lokhu kuhlasela, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-VENONA, kwaholela ekuguqulweni okukhulu kwezinqubomgomo nezinqubo zokuphepha zikahulumeni, futhi kwasiza nasekuqwashiseni ngokubaluleka kokuvikela ulwazi oluyimfihlo.
Ukwandiswa kwezinsizakalo zamafu, ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo, kanye nokulethwa (CI/CD) imikhuba, kanye nokwanda kwekhodi yomthombo ovulekile kwandisa amathuba okuba izimfihlo zifakwe ikhodi eyimfihlo ngengozi ezindaweni zokugcina umphakathi. Manje ake siqale ngezimbangela ezivamile ezidala ukuvuza kwezimfihlo. Qhubeka ufunda!
Izimbangela Zokuhlaselwa Kokuvuza Kwezimfihlo
Izimbangela eziningana zingadala leak secret ukuhlasela, okuhlanganisa:
- Iphutha lomuntu: Iphutha lomuntu liyimbangela evame kakhulu yokuvuza okuyimfihlo. Isibonelo, unjiniyela angase ngengozi commit ulwazi oluyimfihlo oluya endaweni yokugcina amakhodi omphakathi.
- Izinhlelo ezingalungiselelwe kahle: Izinhlelo ezingahlelwanga kahle zingadalula izimfihlo, njengezihluthulelo ze-API namaphasiwedi, kubasebenzisi abangagunyaziwe. Isibonelo, iseva yewebhu engahlelwanga kahle ingavumela abahlaseli ukuthi babuke okuqukethwe kwamafayela ayo okucushwa, okungase kube nezimfihlo.
- Ukuhlasela okunonya: Abenzi bobubi bangasebenzisa nezindlela ezahlukahlukene ukweba izimfihlo, njengokuhlasela kobunjiniyela bezenhlalo, ukuhlaselwa kwe-phishing, kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-malware. Isibonelo, umhlaseli angathumela i-imeyili kubasebenzi abenza sengathi ungummeleli wokusekela i-IT osemthethweni futhi akhohlise abasebenzi ukuthi baveze iziqinisekiso zabo. Eqinisweni, ama-83% okwephulwa kwedatha ngo-2022 ahilela abantu abangaphakathi ngokuphathelene Verizon ucwaningo.
- Izinqubomgomo nezinqubo zokuphepha ezibuthakathaka: Izinhlangano zingase zingabi nezinqubomgomo nezinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile zokuvikela izimfihlo. Isibonelo, inhlangano ingase ingadingi abasebenzi ukuthi basebenzise amaphasiwedi aqinile noma ukuze bavumele ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi. Isibonelo, I-81% ye ukwephulwa kwemithetho okuqinisekisiwe kwakungenxa yamaphasiwedi abuthakathaka, asetshenziswe kabusha, noma ebiwe ngo-2022, kulandela LastPass umbiko.
- Ukunganaki: Izinhlangano zingase zinganaki ukuvikela izinhlelo zazo kanye nedatha ngendlela efanele, okwenza kube lula ngabahlaseli ukweba izimfihlo. Isibonelo, inhlangano ingase yehluleke ukufaka ama-patch okuphepha noma ukugcina izinhlelo zayo zivuselelwa.
- Ukuntula ukwazi: Izisebenzi zingase zingazi ngezingozi zokudalula izimfihlo, noma zingase zingazi ukuthi zingazivikela kanjani ngendlela efanele. Isibonelo, ama-90% okuhlaselwa kwe-cyber ahlanganisa amaqhinga obunjiniyela bezenhlalo.
Umphumela wokuhlaselwa okuyimfihlo kokuvuza
Ukuhlaselwa kokuvuza okuyimfihlo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu futhi ofinyelela kude ezinhlanganweni. Izinhlangano ezibhekana nokuhlaselwa kokuvuza okuyimfihlo zingase zibhekane nemiphumela emibi elandelayo:
- Ukuyekethisa kwamathuluzi okuthuthukisa isofthiwe kanye nengqalasizinda: Abahlaseli bangalimaza amathuluzi okuthuthukisa isofthiwe kanye nengqalasizinda, njengezindawo zokugcina amakhodi omthombo, ukwakha izinhlelo, kanye CI/CD pipelines, ukufaka ikhodi enonya emikhiqizweni yesofthiwe ngaphandle kokutholakala. Le khodi ingabe isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamakhasimende, inikeze abahlaseli ithuba lokungena kumanethiwekhi abo.
- Unobuthi Pipeline: Abahlaseli bangafaka engcupheni uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwesofthiwe lomthengisi ukuze bafake ubuthi emikhiqizweni yenhlangano ngekhodi enonya. Le khodi ingabe isifakwa ngokungazi ngamakhasimende omthengisi, okunikeza abahlaseli ukufinyelela ezinhlelweni zabo.
- Ukwephulwa kwedatha: Ukuhlaselwa okuyimfihlo kokuvuza kungaholela ekudalulweni kwedatha ebucayi, njengerekhodi lamakhasimende, ulwazi lwezezimali, kanye nempahla yobuhlakani. Le datha ingabe yebiwa futhi isetshenziselwe izinjongo zokukhwabanisa, noma ingakhishwa esidlangalaleni, yonakalise idumela lenhlangano.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza: Abahlaseli bangathola ukufinyelela ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile, njengeziphakeli zokukhiqiza noma izizindalwazi, ukuze baphazamise noma bavale imisebenzi. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezezimali kanye nomonakalo wedumela.
- Ukwebiwa kwempahla yobuhlakani kanye nokwebiwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo: Abahlaseli bangaseba izimfihlo, njengekhodi yomthombo noma izimfihlo zokuhweba, ukuze bathuthukise imikhiqizo encintisanayo noma beba inzuzo yokuncintisana yenkampani. Lokhu kwephulwa kungaba nemiphumela ebanzi uma umhlaseli eba ngempumelelo ulwazi olubucayi, njengethokheni lokufinyelela noma okhiye be-API, ku- SCM. Ngalezi ziqinisekiso ezintshontshiwe, abahlaseli bangathola ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza, okungase kuholele ezigamekweni zokuphepha ezimbi kakhulu. Bangafinyelela idatha yangasese, basebenzise kabi imisebenzi yesistimu, noma bakhiphe ulwazi oluyimfihlo, okungafaka engozini hhayi nje ubuqotho besistimu kodwa futhi nobumfihlo kanye nokwethenjwa kwabasebenzisi.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngokwezimali: Ukwephulwa kwedatha, okuhlanganisa nalokho okuvela ekuhlaselweni kokuvuza okuyimfihlo, kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezezimali kwezinhlangano. Izindleko zokuphendula ekuhlaselweni kokuvuza okuyimfihlo zifaka phakathi ukuphenya lesi sigameko, ukulungisa ubuthakathaka, nokwazisa abantu abathintekile. Izinhlangano zingase zibhekane nezinhlawulo nezinye izinhlawulo ezivela kubalawuli uma behluleka ukuvikela ngokwanele izimfihlo zabo. Isibonelo, ngaphansi komthetho we-GDPR e-EU, izinhlangano zingahlawuliswa ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-20 noma u-4% wenzuzo yazo yomhlaba wonke, noma ngabe yikuphi okuphezulu, ngokwephulwa okukhulu kakhulu. E-US, imithetho eminingi yobumfihlo emazingeni kahulumeni kanye nawesifundazwe isungula izindlela zokuphatha noma izinhlawulo zomphakathi zokungalandeli imithetho ezingasukela ku-$100 kuya ku-$50,000 ngokwephulwa ngakunye, kanye nesamba esingu-$25,000 kuya ku-$1.5 million ngakho konke ukwephulwa kwemfuneko eyodwa ngonyaka wekhalenda.
- Ukulimala kwesithunzi: Ukuhlaselwa okuyimfihlo kokuvuza kungalimaza idumela lenhlangano. Amakhasimende nabatshalizimali bangase balahlekelwe ukwethemba ikhono lenhlangano lokuvikela idatha yabo kanye nobumfihlo. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwebhizinisi futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuheha amakhasimende amasha kanye nabatshalizimali.
- Ukuhlolwa kwemithetho: Ukungavikeli ubuthakathaka obungaba khona, okuhlanganisa nengozi yokuhlaselwa okuyimfihlo kokuvuza, kungadonsela ukunaka kwabalawuli abangase baphenye ngalesi sigameko futhi babeke izinhlawulo nezinye izinhlawulo enhlanganweni. Lokhu kungaholela ekwandeni kwezindleko kanye nemithwalo yokuthobela imithetho. Isibonelo, i-Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) isanda kuphenya ngokuhlasela kwe-cyberattack kwe-SolarWinds futhi yamangalela i-SolarWinds Corporation ngokukhwabanisa kanye nokwehluleka kokulawula kwangaphakathi okuhlobene nezingozi kanye nobuthakathaka bokuphepha kwe-cyber okwaziwayo.
Izibonelo Zangempela Ze- Leak Secrets Ukuhlaselwa
Ukwephulwa kwedatha okubangelwa yiziqinisekiso ezibiwe kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokwephulwa kwedatha, futhi lokhu bekulokhu kunjalo kusukela ngo-2021, ngokusho kwe- Izindleko ze-IBM zoMbiko Wokwephulwa Kwedatha ka-2022Ukuhlaselwa kokuvuza okuyimfihlo nakho kungaba nomthelela omubi ezinhlanganweni, njengoba isilinganiso sezindleko zomhlaba wonke zokwephulwa kwedatha sifinyelela ku-$4.35 million ngo-2022, maqondana Umbiko we-Verizon ka-2022 Wokuphenya Ukuphulwa Kwedatha (I-DBIR):
Nasi isifinyezo esifushane sokuhlaselwa okuyimfihlo kokuvuza okuqoshwe eminyakeni yamuva:
- NgoJanuwari 2023, I-GitHub iveze ukwephulwa kwedatha lapho abahlaseli baphumelela khona ukweba izitifiketi zokusayina ikhodi zezinguqulo eziningana ze-GitHub Desktop kanye ne-Atom. Uphenyo lwembule ukuthi umenzi wobubi uthole ukufinyelela ohlelweni lwangaphakathi lwe-GitHub, okwabenza bakwazi ukulingisa izindawo zokugcina ezithile futhi bathole ngokungemthetho izitifiketi zokusayina ikhodi. Lesi sigameko sigcizelela ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwezinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile zokuvikela izitifiketi zokusayina ikhodi futhi sigcizelela isidingo sokuba abathuthukisi banamathele emikhubeni emihle yokuphepha kwezimfihlo ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yezehlakalo ezifanayo zesikhathi esizayo.
- Ngo-Mashi 2023, I-GitHub ihlangabezane nokuhlaselwa okukhulu kwe-supply chain. Okwenziwe ngephutha emphakathini commit kwembule ukhiye we-SSH wangasese wesevisi ye-GitHub. Lesi sigameko sanikeza umhlaseli ithuba lokulingisa i-GitHub ngendlela ekholisayo, eveza inkohliso enkulu futhi ebeka ingozi enkulu yokuphepha. Kodwa-ke, i-GitHub yabhekana nesimo ngokushesha futhi yashintsha ukhiye wayo njengesinyathelo sokuqapha.
Indlela Yokuvimbela Leak Secret Ukuhlaselwa
Kunezinyathelo eziningana izinhlangano ezingazithatha ukuze vimbela lokho kuhlaselwa, Kuhlanganise:
- Fundisa abasebenzi ngezingozi zokuvuza okuyimfihlo nokuthi bangazivikela kanjani izimfihloAbasebenzi kufanele baqaphele izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlaselwa okuyimfihlo kokuvuza kanye nendlela yokukubona nokukugwema. Kufanele futhi baqeqeshwe ngendlela yokugcina nokuphatha izimfihlo ngendlela efanele.
- Sebenzisa izilawuli zokuphepha eziqinile. Izinhlangano kufanele zisebenzise izilawuli zokuphepha eziqinile, njengezivikelo zomlilo, izinhlelo zokuthola ukungena, kanye nohlu lokulawula ukufinyelela, ukuze zivikele izinhlelo zazo kanye nedatha ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe. Kufanele futhi zisebenzise ithuluzi lokuphatha eliyimfihlo ukugcina nokuphatha izimfihlo ngokuphephile.
- Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuskena ukuthola izimfihlo ngaphambi commitukuzithumela ezindaweni zokugcina noma ukuzithumela CI/CD pipelines noma IaC ukucushwa. Lokhu kunikeza onjiniyela kanye nama-DevOps impendulo esheshayo, okuvimbela izimfihlo ukuthi zingangeni emlandweni wenguqulo noma ingqalasizinda yokukhiqiza.
- Gada izinhlelo namanethiwekhi ukuze uthole umsebenzi osolisayo. Izinhlangano kufanele zihlole izinhlelo zazo kanye namanethiwekhi ukuze zithole imisebenzi esolisayo engabonisa ukuhlaselwa okuyimfihlo kokuvuza.
- Yiba nohlelo lokuphendula ekuhlaselweni okuyimfihlo kokuvuza. Uma kutholakala ukuhlaselwa okuyimfihlo kokuvuza, izinhlangano kufanele zibe nohlelo lokuphendula ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo. Lolu hlelo kufanele luhlanganise izinyathelo zokulawula umonakalo, ukunciphisa umthelela, kanye nokuphenya ngesigameko.
Indlela i-Xygeni Esiza Ngayo Ukugwema Ukuvuza Okuyimfihlo
Xygeni Secrets Security iyisisombululo esiphelele esidlula nje ukuvikela izimfihlo ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka, ukuphepha, kanye nokuqina kweSoftware Supply Chain yesimanje. Akuyona nje ithuluzi lokuthola, kodwa commitukuhlanganiswa kwenqubomgomo yezimfihlo ezingenazo ikhodi, okufezwa ngochungechunge lwezici ezivelele ezivikela umjikelezo wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ngendlela ephumelelayo.
Izinzuzo Nezici Eziyinhloko Xygeni Secrets Security
Xygeni Secrets Security inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezibalulekile nezici, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukutholwa nokuvimbela ngesikhathi sangempela: I-Xygeni ihlangana ne-Git hooks ukuskena nokuthola izimfihlo ngaphambi kokuba commitixhunywe kuma-repositories. Lokhu kunikeza onjiniyela impendulo esheshayo futhi kuvimbela izimfihlo ukuthi zingangeni emlandweni wenguqulo.
- Ukuskena okuphelele: Amakhono okuskena e-Xygeni adlula ngale kokufanisa amaphethini okuvamile ukuze abone futhi aqinisekise izinhlobo eziningi zamafomethi ayimfihlo, kungakhathaliseki ulimi, umtapo wolwazi, noma ipulatifomu.
- Ukuqinisekiswa okuhlakaniphile: Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ehlakaniphile ye-Xygeni inciphisa imiphumela engamanga, iqinisekisa ukuthi onjiniyela bathola izaziso kuphela zobuthakathaka obuqinisekisiwe.
- Okuhlangenwe nakho konjiniyela okungenamthungo: Isixazululo se-Xygeni esingaphazamisi sithuthukisa ulwazi lonjiniyela nge-WebUI enikeza ukuqonda okusebenzayo futhi ivumela onjiniyela ukuthi bafunde futhi bamukele imikhuba emihle yokuphepha ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Ukuqiniswa kwenqubomgomo kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo: Ukwakhiwa kokuzivikela kwe-Xygeni kuvumela izinhlangano ukuthi ziphoqelele izinqubomgomo zokuphepha eziqinile kuyo yonke impilo yentuthuko futhi zikwazi ukubona ngokushesha futhi zilungise noma yikuphi ukuphambuka.
Ngokubhekana nezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuvuza okuyimfihlo nokuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esibanzi esihlanganisa ukuphepha enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa, i-Xygeni isiza izinhlangano ukuvikela izimfihlo zazo ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe.
Nazi ezinye izibonelo ezithile zendlela i-Xygeni engasiza ngayo izinhlangano ukuvimbela ukuvuza okuyimfihlo:
- Unjiniyela commitokhiye be-API be-s endaweni yokugcina ikhodi yomphakathi: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Git hook ye-Xygeni kuthola okhiye be-API ngaphambi kokuba commiti-ted futhi imisa commit, ukuvimbela ukudalulwa kwezimfihlo.
- Umhlaseli usebenzisa ubuthakathaka ukuze afinyelele amafayela okucushwa: Ukuskena okuphelele kwe-Xygeni kuthola idatha ebucayi kumafayela okucushwa futhi kuxwayise inhlangano, okwenza ikwazi ukulungisa ubuthakathaka futhi kuvimbele umhlaseli ukuthi antshontshe idatha uma kwenzeka ixhashazwa.
Indlela ye-Xygeni yokuthola imfihlo eyimfihlo iyithuluzi elibalulekile kunoma iyiphi inhlangano efuna ukuvikela izimfihlo zayo ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe. Ngokusebenzisa i-Xygeni, izinhlangano zinganciphisa ingozi yazo yokubhekana nokuhlaselwa okuyimfihlo kokuvuza futhi zivikele idatha yazo ekwebiweni.
Uma udinga ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana Leak Secret Ukuhlaselwa kanye nendlela yokukuvimbela, cela ukuhlangana nethimba lethu futhi bazoxazulula konke ukungabaza kwakho.
