Imibhalo Yesiphambano Yesayithi (XSS) ingenye yezinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu ekuphepheni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu, ezithinta ngaphezulu 40% wezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu emhlabeni jikelele. Kuyini i-Cross-Site Scripting, futhi kungani iqhubeka nokuba yingozi enkulu kangaka? I-XSS ibangele ukwephulwa kwedatha okukhulu kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nalokho okuseBritish Airways nase-eBay, okuveza izigidi zabasebenzisi ekwebiweni kwedatha, ukuntshontshwa kwama-akhawunti, kanye nokukhwabanisa. Ukuze kugcizelelwe, ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-Cross-Site Scripting, izinhlobo zokuhlaselwa kwe-Cross Site Scripting, kanye nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokukuvimbela kubalulekile ekugcineni izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu zanamuhla ziphephile.
Kuyini i-Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)?
I-Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) iwubungozi obuvumela abahlaseli ukuthi bafake izikripthi eziyingozi emakhasini ewebhu athembekile. Uma abasebenzisi bexhumana nala makhasi, izikripthi zisebenza kuziphequluli zabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-XSS ingaholela ezingozini ezinkulu, njenge:
- Ukwebiwa KwedathaAbahlaseli beba ulwazi oluyimfihlo njengamakhukhi eseshini kanye login izifakazelo.
- Isikhathi sokuqothula: Abahlaseli bathola ukufinyelela kumaseshini abasebenzisi asebenzayo futhi bazenze bona.
- Izenzo Ezingagunyaziwe: Izikripthi ezinonya zenza izenzo ngaphandle kolwazi lwesisulu.
Ikakhulukazi, ubuthakathaka be-XSS buvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuqinisekiswa okungekuhle noma ukuhlanzwa kokufakwayo komsebenzisi. Ukwazi ukuthi kuyini i-Cross-Site Scripting kusiza izinhlangano ukuvimbela lokhu kuhlaselwa nokuvikela abasebenzisi bazo.
Izinhlobo Zokuhlaselwa Kwe-Cross Site Scripting kanye Nezibonelo Zomhlaba Wangempela
Ochwepheshe bezokuphepha bahlukanisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-Cross Site Scripting ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-Stored, Reflected, kanye ne-DOM-Based XSS. Uhlobo ngalunye luhlose ubuthakathaka obuhlukile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zewebhu, okuholela emiphumeleni ehlukile. Ukuze uchaze kabanzi, nansi indlela uhlobo ngalunye olusebenza ngayo kanye nezibonelo zomonakalo ezingawubangela.
I-Stocked Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
I-XSS egciniwe, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-XSS eqhubekayo, yenzeka lapho izikripthi eziyingozi zigcinwa unomphela kuseva. Isibonelo, lezi zikripthi zingagcinwa kusizindalwazi noma kuphrofayela yomsebenzisi. Noma nini lapho umuntu efinyelela umthombo osengozini, iskripthi sisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Abahlaseli bavame ukusebenzisa i-Stored XSS ukuqondisa amapulatifomu anabantu abaningi abasebenzisa i-inthanethi. Ngenxa yokuthi umthwalo onobungozi uhlala kuseva, ungathinta izinkulungwane zabasebenzisi ngaphambi kokutholwa.
Isibonelo Somhlaba Wangempela: eBay (2014)
Ngo-2014, abahlaseli bafaka iJavaScript enonya ku- Uhlu lwemikhiqizo ye-eBay. Lokhu kwenzeke ngoba i-eBay ayizange ihlanze kahle okufakwayo kwabasebenzisi. Noma nini lapho abasebenzisi bevakashela uhlu oluthintekile, iziphequluli zabo ngokungazi zenza iskripthi esinonya.
Imiphumela:
- Izisulu zaqondiswa kumasayithi obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, lapho abahlaseli beba khona login iziqinisekiso kanye nedatha yangasese.
- I-eBay yalimala kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuphepha okwanele.
- Ngenxa yalokho, leli cala libonise isidingo esibalulekile sokuqinisekiswa okuqinile kokufakwayo kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela.
I-Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
I-XSS ebonisiwe yenzeka lapho izikripthi eziyingozi zifakwa ku-URL noma ekufakweni kwefomu futhi zibonakala empendulweni yeseva. Lolu hlobo lokuhlasela kwe-Cross Site Scripting luvame ukulethwa ngezixhumanisi ze-phishing futhi luyasebenza ngokushesha nje lapho isisulu sichofoza isixhumanisi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Reflected XSS ithinta izisulu ngazinye kodwa ingasaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu.
Isibonelo Somhlaba Wangempela: I-British Airways (2018)
I-British Airways ihlangabezane ne- Ubuthakathaka be-XSS obubonisiwe ngo-2018. Abahlaseli bakhe izixhumanisi ze-phishing eziqukethe izikripthi ezifakiwe, bekhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bazichofoze.
Imiphumela:
- Abaduni beba imininingwane ebucayi yamakhasimende, okuhlanganisa amagama, amakheli, kanye nemininingwane yekhadi lokukhokha.
- Amakhasimende angaphezu kuka-400,000 athintekile, okwaholela ekuhlawulisweni kwe-GDPR okungu-£20 million kwe-British Airways.
- Sekukonke, ukwephulwa kwale mithetho kugqamise izingozi zezimali nezomthetho ezihlobene nobuthakathaka be-Cross-Site Scripting.
Ukubhala Ngesikripthi Sendawo Ehambayo Okusekelwe ku-DOM (XSS)
I-XSS esekelwe ku-DOM yenzeka lapho abahlaseli belawula isiphequluli Imodeli Yento Yedokhumenti (DOM) kunokuba kuqondiswe ubuthakathaka obuseceleni kweseva. Lokhu kuhlasela kudlula ngokuphelele ukuqinisekiswa kohlangothi lweseva futhi kuvame ukusebenzisa izindlela zeJavaScript ezingaphephile ezifana innerHTML or document.write().
Ukuze sibonise, nansi isibonelo se-XSS esekelwe kwi-DOM esebenza.
Isibonelo Somhlaba Wangempela: GitHub (2020)
Ngo-2020, abahlaseli basebenzise kabi i- Ubuthakathaka be-XSS obusekelwe ku-DOM ekusebenzeni kokusesha kwe-GitHub. Bafake izikripthi ezinonya kokufakwayo kwemibuzo yokusesha, bedlula ukuvikelwa kweseva.
Imiphumela:
- Abahlaseli bantshontshe amakhukhi eseshini kanye namathokheni okuqinisekisa, okuvumela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ezindaweni zokugcina.
- I-GitHub yalungisa inkinga ngokushesha, kodwa icala labonisa izingozi ezibangelwa ubuthakathaka obuhambisana namakhasimende.
Ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlala uphambi kwezinsongo ngesikhathi sangempela?
Landa iphepha lethu elimhlophe, elithi 'Isexwayiso Sasekuqaleni: Ukutholwa Kwengozi Yesikhathi Sangempela Nokubekwa Eqhulwini,' bese uthola ukuthi ungayivikela kanjani i-software supply chain yakho.
Indlela Yokuvimbela Ukuskena Kwe-Cross-Site (XSS)
Ukumisa i-Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) kudinga ukuzivikela okusebenzayo nokunezigaba. Lokhu kusho ukubhekana nakho ukukhubazeka ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa nokuqhubeka nokuvikela izinhlelo zokusebenza uma sezikhona. Izixazululo ze-Xygeni zenzelwe ukumboza zombili izinhlangothi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphelele.
Ukuthola Izinkinga Kusenesikhathi Nge-Xygeni's SAST
Ukuhlolwa Kokuphepha Kwesicelo Esiqinile se-Xygeni (SAST) Ithuluzi lishintsha umdlalo kubathuthukisi. Liskena ikhodi yakho njengoba uyibhala, lihlonza ubuthakathaka be-Cross-Site Scripting ngaphambi kokuba bathole ithuba lokuyenza ikhiqizwe. Ngamafuphi, likusiza ukulungisa izinkinga kusenesikhathi, lapho kushesha futhi kushibhile ukwenza kanjalo.
Nakhu okwenza i-Xygeni's SAST Phuma:
- Izexwayiso zesikhathi sangempela: Thola impendulo esheshayo mayelana nobuthakathaka njengoba ubhala ikhodi, ukuze ukwazi ukukulungisa ngokushesha.
- Khomba Ukunemba: I-Xygeni ikukhombisa ngqo ukuthi inkinga ikuphi, kuze kufike emgqeni wekhodi.
- Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo: Isebenza kalula ngamathuluzi akho owathandayo, njenge-IntelliJ IDEA, i-Visual Studio Code, kanye CI/CD pipelines.
- Ukutholwa Okuthuthukile: Ikhomba izinkinga ezinzima njengokuphathwa kokufaka okungaphephile kanye nokuphathwa kwe-DOM okungaphephile.
Sekukonke, i-Xygeni's SAST kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yi-XSS ngokubamba ubuthakathaka emthonjeni, okwenza ikhodi yakho iphephe kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukuqinisa Izivikelo Ngokuqapha Isikhathi Sokusebenza
Ukuqapha isikhathi sokusebenza kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinsongo ezishintshayo. Amathuluzi e-Xygeni ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela ngokuhlonza nokumisa imisebenzi enonya.
- Ukutholwa kwe-Anomaly: Ihlala iqapha ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile, njengokusetshenziswa kwesikripthi okungagunyaziwe.
- CI/CD Ukuhlanganisa: Iskena ngokuzenzakalelayo izakhiwo kanye nokufakwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziphephile.
- Imithetho Engenziwa Ngokwezifiso: Ivumela amaqembu okuphepha ukuthi asethe izexwayiso ezithile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zenhlangano.
Ukuze kuchazwe kabanzi, ukutholwa kwe-anomaly kuzovimba izikripthi ezinonya ekusebenziseni ubuthakathaka be-XSS obusekelwe ku-DOM ngokushesha.
Ukubhala Imibhalo Kumasayithi Ahlukene Ngaphandle Kwesiphequluli
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Cross Site Scripting kudlulela ngale kwamawebhusayithi avamile. Ama-API, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, namadivayisi e-IoT nawo asengozini:
- Ama-APIAbahlaseli bangafaka ikhodi enonya kuma-endpoints e-API angaqinisekiswanga kahle, beveza idatha ebucayi.
- Isibonelo: Isicelo sezezimali sephulwe lapho abaphangi besebenzisa i-API endpoint ukufinyelela imininingwane ye-akhawunti yamakhasimende.
- Mobile Apps: Izinhlaka ezingavikelekile kanye neziphequluli ezingaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza zenza izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zibe sengozini ye-XSS.
- Amadivayisi we-IoTAbahlaseli bangalimaza izixhumi zewebhu kumadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya, bathole ukulawula amanethiwekhi.
Kulesi simo, ukuqinisekiswa kokufakwayo kanye nokuqapha isikhathi sokusebenza kubalulekile ekuvikeleni lezi zinhlelo.
Ukuvikela Izicelo Zakho Ezihlaselweni Zokubhala I-Cross Site
Ukubhala nge-cross-site kuseyisongo esikhulu, kodwa izixazululo ze-Xygeni zisiza izinhlangano ukuthi zihlale phambili. Ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-Cross-Site Scripting nokusebenzisa amathuluzi athuthukile afana SAST kanye nokuqapha isikhathi sokusebenza kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi basuse ubuthakathaka futhi bavikele izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ungalindi ukwephulwa okulandelayo - Bhukha idemo futhi uhlole izixazululo ze-Xygeni zokuqinisa ukuzivikela kwakho namuhla.
Ukumisa i-Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) kudinga ukuzivikela okusebenzayo nokunezigaba. Lokhu kusho ukubhekana nakho ukukhubazeka ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa nokuqhubeka nokuvikela izinhlelo zokusebenza uma sezikhona. Izixazululo ze-Xygeni zenzelwe ukumboza zombili izinhlangothi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphelele.
Ukuthola Izinkinga Kusenesikhathi Nge-Xygeni's SAST
Ukuhlolwa Kokuphepha Kwesicelo Esiqinile se-Xygeni (SAST) Ithuluzi lishintsha umdlalo kubathuthukisi. Liskena ikhodi yakho njengoba uyibhala, lihlonza ubuthakathaka be-Cross-Site Scripting ngaphambi kokuba bathole ithuba lokuyenza ikhiqizwe. Ngamafuphi, likusiza ukulungisa izinkinga kusenesikhathi, lapho kushesha futhi kushibhile ukwenza kanjalo.
Nakhu okwenza i-Xygeni's SAST Phuma:
- Izexwayiso zesikhathi sangempela: Thola impendulo esheshayo mayelana nobuthakathaka njengoba ubhala ikhodi, ukuze ukwazi ukukulungisa ngokushesha.
- Khomba Ukunemba: I-Xygeni ikukhombisa ngqo ukuthi inkinga ikuphi, kuze kufike emgqeni wekhodi.
- Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo: Isebenza kalula ngamathuluzi akho owathandayo, njenge-IntelliJ IDEA, i-Visual Studio Code, kanye CI/CD pipelines.
- Ukutholwa Okuthuthukile: Ikhomba izinkinga ezinzima njengokuphathwa kokufaka okungaphephile kanye nokuphathwa kwe-DOM okungaphephile.
Sekukonke, i-Xygeni's SAST kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yi-XSS ngokubamba ubuthakathaka emthonjeni, okwenza ikhodi yakho iphephe kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukuqinisa Izivikelo Ngokuqapha Isikhathi Sokusebenza
Ukuqapha isikhathi sokusebenza kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinsongo ezishintshayo. Amathuluzi e-Xygeni ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela ngokuhlonza nokumisa imisebenzi enonya.
- Ukutholwa kwe-Anomaly: Ihlala iqapha ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile, njengokusetshenziswa kwesikripthi okungagunyaziwe.
- CI/CD Ukuhlanganisa: Iskena ngokuzenzakalelayo izakhiwo kanye nokufakwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziphephile.
- Imithetho Engenziwa Ngokwezifiso: Ivumela amaqembu okuphepha ukuthi asethe izexwayiso ezithile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zenhlangano.
Ukuze kuchazwe kabanzi, ukutholwa kwe-anomaly kuzovimba izikripthi ezinonya ekusebenziseni ubuthakathaka be-XSS obusekelwe ku-DOM ngokushesha.
Ukubhala Imibhalo Kumasayithi Ahlukene Ngaphandle Kwesiphequluli
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Cross Site Scripting kudlulela ngale kwamawebhusayithi avamile. Ama-API, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, namadivayisi e-IoT nawo asengozini:
- Ama-APIAbahlaseli bangafaka ikhodi enonya kuma-endpoints e-API angaqinisekiswanga kahle, beveza idatha ebucayi.
- Isibonelo: Isicelo sezezimali sephulwe lapho abaphangi besebenzisa i-API endpoint ukufinyelela imininingwane ye-akhawunti yamakhasimende.
- Mobile Apps: Izinhlaka ezingavikelekile kanye neziphequluli ezingaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza zenza izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zibe sengozini ye-XSS.
- Amadivayisi we-IoTAbahlaseli bangalimaza izixhumi zewebhu kumadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya, bathole ukulawula amanethiwekhi.
Kulesi simo, ukuqinisekiswa kokufakwayo kanye nokuqapha isikhathi sokusebenza kubalulekile ekuvikeleni lezi zinhlelo.
Ukuvikela Izicelo Zakho Ezihlaselweni Zokubhala I-Cross Site
Ukubhala nge-cross-site kuseyisongo esikhulu, kodwa izixazululo ze-Xygeni zisiza izinhlangano ukuthi zihlale phambili. Ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-Cross-Site Scripting nokusebenzisa amathuluzi athuthukile afana SAST kanye nokuqapha isikhathi sokusebenza kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi basuse ubuthakathaka futhi bavikele izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ungalindi ukwephulwa okulandelayo - Bhukha idemo futhi uhlole izixazululo ze-Xygeni zokuqinisa ukuzivikela kwakho namuhla.
