Isizathu Sokuba Kuvele Ubungozi Bokuphepha Ku-Software kanye Nendlela Yokunciphisa Lokhu
Ubuthakathaka besofthiwe budala izindawo zokungena zezigebengu ze-inthanethi ukuze zintshontshe idatha, ziphazamise ukusebenza, futhi zithole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Isizathu sokuthi ubuthakathaka bokuphepha kusofthiwe buvela ngokuvamile buvela emikhubeni emibi yokubhala ikhodi, isofthiwe engakalungiswa, ukulungiselelwa okungalungile, kanye nezintambo zokuhlinzeka ezisengozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imijikelezo yentuthuko esheshayo kanye nokuthembela okwandayo ku ukuncika komuntu wesithathu kunegalelo endaweni yokuhlasela ekhulayo.
Ukungaxazululi ubuthakathaka bokuphepha kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezezimali, izinhlawulo zomthetho, kanye nomonakalo wedumela. Ngokufanayo, amabhizinisi anganaki ama-patches okuphepha futhi ahluleke ukuvikela uchungechunge lwawo lokuhlinzekwa kwesofthiwe azibeka engcupheni enkulu ye-cyber. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqonda isizathu sokuthi kungani ubuthakathaka bokuphepha kusofthiwe bukhona kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqalisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ze-cyber ezisebenzayo.
Izibalo Zokuvikeleka Okuyinhloko:
- 83% wokuphulwa kwemithetho kwenzeka ngenxa yobuthakathaka bokuphepha okungenani okukodwa.
- Ama-60% okuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kuvela ekungcoleni kokuphepha okungakalungiswa.
- Ukwanda okungu-742% kokuhlaselwa kwe-software supply chain phakathi kuka-2019 no-2022, okusebenzisa ubuthakathaka bokuphepha ekuthembekeni kwabantu besithathu.
Njengoba kunikezwe lezi zibalo ezesabekayo, izinhlangano kumele zinciphise ubuthakathaka ngaphambi kokuba abahlaseli babusebenzise kabi.
1. Imikhuba Emibi Yokubhala Amakhodi: Isizathu Esikhulu Sokuthi Kungani Kuvele Ubungozi Bokuphepha Kusofthiwe
Abathuthukisi bethula ubuthakathaka bokuphepha uma bebhala ikhodi engaphephile. Ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa okufanele kokufakwayo, ukuqinisekiswa okuphephile, kanye nokubethela, abahlaseli bangalawula izinhlelo zokusebenza kalula. Ngenxa yalokho, lobu buthakathaka besofthiwe budala izindawo zokungena zezinsongo ze-cyber, ekugcineni okuholela ekuphulweni kwedatha nasekuthathweni kwesistimu.
Ukujova kwe-SQL – Ubungozi Obuvamile Bokuphepha
Isibonelo, ukujova kwe-SQL kungenye yezinkinga zokuphepha ezivame kakhulu. Abahlaseli basebenzisa leli phutha lapho abathuthukisi behluleka ukuhlanza okokufaka komsebenzisi. Ngenxa yalokho, bafaka imiyalo ye-SQL, badlule ekuqinisekisweni, futhi bathola ukufinyelela kudatha ebucayi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kusengozini kubangele ukwephulwa kwedatha okukhulu ezimbonini eziningi.
Imiphumela Yokuhlaselwa Kwe-SQL Injection:
- Ama-hacker eba imininingwane yomsebenzisi kanye nedatha yezezimali, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali.
- Abenzi bobubi bashintsha noma basusa amarekhodi esizindalwazi, okubangela izinkinga zobuqotho bedatha.
- Izinhlangano zibhekana nomonakalo wedumela kanye nowezimali ngenxa yolwazi lwamakhasimende oluputshukile.
Indlela Yokuvimbela Lokhu Kusengozini Yokuphepha:
Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokuhlaselwa nge-SQL, izinhlangano kufanele zithathe izinyathelo zokuqapha kuzo zonke izigaba zentuthuko.
- Landela iziqondiso zokufaka ikhodi eziphephile ezivela ku- I-OWASP ephezulu engu-10 ukunciphisa izingozi.
- Sebenzisa imibuzo ebekwe eceleni bese ulungiselela izitatimende zokuvimba Umjovo we-SQL.
- Ukuziphatha Ukuhlolwa Kokuphepha Kwesicelo Esimile (SAST) ukuthola ubuthakathaka kusenesikhathi.
Ngokuthatha lezi zinyathelo zokuvimbela, amabhizinisi anganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuhlaselwa kwe-SQL nge-injection futhi aqinise ukuphepha kohlelo lokusebenza.
2. Isofthiwe Engashintshwanga: Imbangela Ehamba Phambili Yokungakwazi Ukuphepha
Ubuthakathaka obuningi bokuphepha buvela kusofthiwe engakalungiswa. Eqinisweni, izigebengu ze-inthanethi zifuna ngenkuthalo ubuthakathaka obaziwayo, zinethemba lokuthi izinhlangano zizolibazisa ukuhlelwa kabusha. Ngenxa yalokho, amabhizinisi anganaki izibuyekezo zokuphepha ashiya izinhlelo zawo zisengozini yokuhlaselwa.
I-Log4Shell – Ubungozi Obukhulu Bokuphepha
Cabanga nge-Log4Shell, enye yezinkinga zokuphepha ezimbi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi, i-Log4Shell vulnerability (CVE-2021-44228) ku-Apache Log4j ivumele abahlaseli ukuthi basebenzise ikhodi ekude kumadivayisi ayizigidi. Ngenxa yalokho, amabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni ahlukunyezwe ukwephulwa kwedatha okukhulu kanye nokwehluleka kwesistimu. Okubi nakakhulu, izigebengu ze-inthanethi zisebenzise leli phutha emhlabeni jikelele, zithinta izinhlangano emhlabeni jikelele.
Umphumela Wokusebenzisa I-Log4Shell:
- Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zasebenzisa i-ransomware futhi zeba idatha eyimfihlo, okwaphazamisa ukusebenza komhlaba wonke.
- Izinkampani ezinkulu, okubalwa kuzo iMicrosoft, iAmazon, kanye neTesla, zathola ukwephulwa okukhulu kwezokuphepha.
- Izindleko eziphelele zokunciphisa izindleko zidlule amaRandi ayizigidigidi eziyi-12 emhlabeni jikelele, ngokusho kwe- CISUmbiko.
Indlela Yokuvimbela Lokhu Kusengozini Yokuphepha:
Ngenxa yalezi zingozi, izinkampani kumele zibeke phambili ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo kanye nokuphathwa kobuthakathaka.
- Sebenzisa ukuphathwa kwe-patch okuzenzakalelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe ihlala ibuyekeziwe.
- Beka phambili ukupeyinta ngokusebenzisa i-Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) ukulungisa ubuthakathaka obuyingozi kakhulu kuqala.
- Ngenisa Application Security Posture Management (ASPM) ukuze kuqashwe njalo isofthiwe esiphelelwe yisikhathi.
Ngokusebenzisa le mikhuba yokuphepha, izinhlangano zingahlala ziphambi kwabahlaseli futhi zivimbele ukuthi ubuthakathaka besofthiwe yesikhathi esizayo bungasetshenziswa kabi.
3. Ukungalungiselelwa kahle: Ubungozi Bokuphepha Obungavinjelwa
Kaningi kakhulu, izinsizakalo zamafu ezingalungiselelwe kahle, izizindalwazi, kanye nezilungiselelo zenethiwekhi kudala ubuthakathaka obukhulu bokuphepha. Uma amaqembu okuphepha ehluleka ukusebenzisa izilawuli zokufinyelela ezifanele, abahlaseli bangasebenzisa kalula ukulungiselelwa okungalungile futhi bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
Ama-Database Aveziwe Anezilungiselelo Ezibuthakathaka
Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu ukushiya izizindalwazi zamafu zifinyeleleka emphakathini. Izinhlangano eziningi azizivikeli kahle lezi zizindalwazi, zishiya zivulekile ukuhlasela. Ngenxa yalokho, abaphangi baskena i-inthanethi ukuthola izinsizakalo ezingalungiselelwe kahle futhi beba idatha ebucayi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lobu buthakathaka bokuphepha buholele ekuvuza kwedatha okukhulu.
Umthelela Wokulungiselelwa Okungalungile Kwamafu:
- Abasebenzisi abangagunyaziwe bathola ukufinyelela okugcwele kudathabheyisi, okuveza idatha yebhizinisi ebalulekile.
- Abahlaseli bakhipha idatha yamakhasimende bese beyithengisa kuwebhu emnyama, okwandisa izingozi zokukhwabanisa.
- Izinkampani zibhekene nezinhlawulo zomthetho ngokwephulwa kwe-GDPR kanye ne-CCPA ngenxa yokulawulwa okungekuhle kokuphepha.
Indlela Yokuvimbela Lokhu Kusengozini Yokuphepha:
Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokungalungiselelwa kahle, izinhlangano kumele zamukele imikhuba yokusabalalisa evikelekile futhi ziphoqelele izinqubomgomo zokufinyelela eziqinile.
- Sebenzisa Iingqalasizinda njengeKhodi (IaC) ukuphepha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucushwa okulungile.
- Sebenzisa i-Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) ukuze unciphise ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
- Cupha Amathuluzi Okuphatha Izimfihlo ukuvikela iziqinisekiso ezibucayi.
Ngokusebenzisa lokhu izilawuli, amabhizinisi anganciphisa izingozi zokungalungiselelwa kahle futhi athuthukise ukuphepha kwamafu.
4. Ukuhlaselwa Kwe-Supply Chain: Isizathu Esikhulayo Sokuthi Kungani Kuvele Ubungozi Bokuphepha Ku-Software
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje zithembele emitatsheni yezincwadi yangaphandle kanye nokuncika kwayo. Kodwa-ke, abahlaseli bavame ukuqondisa lezi zingxenye ukuze bazifake I-malwareNgenxa yalokhu, amabhizinisi kumele avikele uchungechunge lwawo lokuhlinzekwa kwesofthiwe ukuze avimbele ukwephulwa okukhulu kwemithetho.
I-SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack
Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zingene ngezibuyekezo ze-SolarWinds Orion, zifaka iminyango yangemuva ezisetshenziswa kabanzi enterprise isofthiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkulungwane zezinhlangano zafaka izibuyekezo ezinonya ngokungazi, okuhlanganisa izinkampani ze-Fortune 500 kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni.
Imiphumela Yokuhlaselwa Kwe-Supply Chain:
- Abaduni basebenzise iminyango engemuva ukuze bathole ukufinyelela isikhathi eside kumanethiwekhi ezinkampani kanye nohulumeni.
- Izikhungo zikahulumeni zabhekana nokuhlolwa kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza, okwabeka ukuphepha kwezwe engozini.
- Umonakalo wezezimali udlule ku-$100 million, ngokusho kwe- Umbiko Kahulumeni wase-US.
Indlela Yokuvikela Uchungechunge Lokunikezwa Kwesofthiwe:
Njengoba ukuhlaselwa kwe-supply chain kuyanda, amabhizinisi kumele athathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuncika kwawo.
- zamukele Ukuhlaziywa Kokwakheka Kwesofthiwe (SCA) ukuskena njalo ukuncika kobuthakathaka nokuthola izingozi kusenesikhathi.
- Sebenzisa i-Xygeni's Open Source Security ukuhlonza nokuvimba amaphakheji anegciwane le-malware ngaphambi kokuba abeke engcupheni izinhlelo zokusebenza.
- Yenza Imithetho Yezinto Ezisetshenziswayo Zesofthiwe (SBOMs) ukulandelela izingxenye zenkampani yangaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala okugcwele kuchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwesofthiwe.
Ngokuthatha lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo, izinhlangano zingathuthukisa ubuthakathaka bazo bokuphepha. Ngenxa yalokho, zingamisa ukwephulwa okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke futhi zigweme ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka luphephile kusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi ahlale ethobela imithetho yemboni futhi avikele idatha ebucayi. Ekugcineni, le mizamo yenza izinhlelo ziqine kakhulu ezinsongweni ze-cyber.
5. Izinsongo Zangaphakathi: Ubungozi Bokuphepha Obunganakwa Kaningi
Nakuba abaningi begxila ezinsongweni zangaphandle, izingozi zangaphakathi nazo ziyingozi. Bobabili abantu bangaphakathi abanonya kanye nabasebenzi abanganaki bangaletha ubuthakathaka bokuphepha ngokuhlela kabi izinhlelo, ukuphatha kabi idatha ebucayi, noma ukudalula iziqinisekiso zokufinyelela ngokungahlosile. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlangano kumele ziphoqelele izinqubomgomo zokuphepha zangaphakathi eziqinile ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yezinsongo zangaphakathi.
Isixhumi Esibonakalayo Sokuphatha Esiveziwe Ngenxa Yokulawula Okubuthakathaka Kokufinyelela
Cabanga ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezinamaphaneli okuphatha angavinjelwe—ziyizithako eziyinhloko zokuhlasela okunamandla. Uma izinkampani zehluleka ukuphoqelela izinqubomgomo zokuqinisekisa eziqinile, abahlaseli bangathola kalula ukufinyelela ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile. Phela, izinsongo eziningi zangaphakathi zenzeka ngenxa yokulawula ukufinyelela okubuthakathaka, hhayi nje ukulimaza ngamabomu.
Umphumela Wezinsongo Zangaphakathi:
- Abasebenzi badalula ngengozi idatha ebucayi, bephula imithetho yokuthobela imithetho.
- Ama-hacker eba iziqinisekiso zokuphatha futhi andise amalungelo, athathe izinhlelo ezibalulekile.
- Izinhlangano zibhekana nomonakalo wezezimali kanye nedumela, ngokusho kwe- Umbiko kaGartner.
Indlela Yokunciphisa Izinsongo Zangaphakathi:
Ukuze kuncishiswe izinsongo zangaphakathi, amabhizinisi kufanele asebenzise izinqubomgomo zokufinyelela eziqinile namathuluzi okuqapha.
- Sebenzisa i-Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti okuphatha ukuze uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
- Nciphisa ukufinyelela kumaphaneli okuphatha usebenzisa ama-VPN noma amanethiwekhi azimele ukuze unciphise ukuvezwa.
- Khipha Ukutholwa Kwe-Anomaly ka-Xygeni ukuqapha umsebenzi osolisayo ku CI/CD pipelines bese uphawula ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile.
Ngokusebenzisa lezi zilawuli zokuphepha kwangaphakathi, izinhlangano zinganciphisa kakhulu izingozi ezihlobene nezinsongo zangaphakathi.
Yini Okulandelayo?
Izinhlangano kumele ziqonde ukuthi kungani kuba khona ubuthakathaka bokuphepha kusofthiwe ukuze zithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele. Okokuqala, abathuthukisi kufanele babhale ikhodi evikelekile ukuze bavimbele amaphutha esofthiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Amaqembu e-IT kumele basebenzise ama-patches ngokushesha ukuze bayeke ukuxhaphaza. Okwamanje, onjiniyela bezokuphepha kufanele baqaphe izinsongo zesikhathi sangempela ukuze bavimbele ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber ngaphambi kokuba kubangele umonakalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuthakathaka bokuphepha buvame ukuvela ekungalungiselelweni kahle, isofthiwe esiphelelwe yisikhathi, kanye nezintambo zokuhlinzeka ezibuthakathaka. Njengoba izinsongo ze-cyber ziqhubeka nokuguquka, amabhizinisi kumele ahlale phambili ngokusebenzisa izinhlaka zokuphepha zesimanje, ukuphoqelela izilawuli zokufinyelela eziqinile, nokusebenzisa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo.
Qala isilingo sakho samahhala noXygeni namuhla ukuvikela izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ngezixazululo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe. Vikela uchungechunge lwakho lokuhlinzeka ngesofthiwe futhi ususe ubuthakathaka bokuphepha ngaphambi kokuba abahlaseli bahlasele!
