Isikripthi esinqamlezayo (XSS) yenye yezona ngxaki ziyingozi kakhulu kukhuseleko lwezicelo zewebhu, echaphazela ngaphezulu 40% yezicelo zewebhu kwihlabathi liphela. Yintoni iCross-Site Scripting, kwaye kutheni iqhubeka nokuba ngumngcipheko omkhulu kangaka? I-XSS ibangele ezinye zezona zenzo zokwaphulwa kwedatha zinkulu, kuquka ezo zikwiBritish Airways nakwi-eBay, nto leyo ebeka izigidi zabasebenzisi kwingxaki yokwebiwa kwedatha, ukubiwa kweeakhawunti, kunye nobuqhetseba. Ukugxininisa, ukuqonda ukuba yintoni iCross-Site Scripting, iintlobo zohlaselo lweCross Site Scripting, kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zokuzithintela kubalulekile ekugcineni usetyenziso lwewebhu lwanamhlanje lukhuselekile.
Yintoni iCross-Site Scripting (XSS)?
I-Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) bubuthathaka obuvumela abahlaseli ukuba bafake izikripthi eziyingozi kumaphepha ewebhu athembekileyo. Xa abasebenzisi besebenzisana nala maphepha, izikripthi zisebenza kwiibrawuza zabo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-XSS inokukhokelela kwiingozi ezinkulu, ezinje:
- Ubusela beDathaAbahlaseli beba ulwazi oluyimfihlo olufana neekuki zeseshoni kunye login iziqinisekiso.
- Ukuhlutha iSeshoniAbahlaseli bafumana ukufikelela kwiiseshoni zomsebenzisi ezisebenzayo baze bazenze ngathi ngabo.
- Izenzo Ezingagunyaziswanga: Izikripthi ezinobungozi zenza izenzo ngaphandle kolwazi lwexhoba.
Ngokukodwa, ubuthathaka be-XSS buhlala buvela ngenxa yokuqinisekiswa okungekho ngqiqweni okanye ukucoca okufakwe ngabasebenzisi. Ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-Cross-Site Scripting kunceda imibutho ukuthintela olu hlaselo kwaye ikhusele abasebenzisi bayo.
Iintlobo zoHlaselo lweSkripthi seSayithi esiNqamlezileyo kunye neMizekelo yeHlabathi yokwenyani
Iingcali zokhuseleko zihlela uhlaselo lweCross Site Scripting zibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili: i-Storanted, Reflected, kunye ne-DOM-Based XSS. Uhlobo ngalunye lujolise kubuthathaka obahlukeneyo kwizicelo zewebhu, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimiphumo eyahlukileyo. Ukuchaza ngakumbi, nantsi indlela olusebenza ngayo uhlobo ngalunye kunye nemizekelo yomonakalo olunokuwubangela.
I-Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
I-Stocked XSS, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-persistent XSS, yenzeka xa izikripthi eziyingozi zigcinwa ngokusisigxina kwiseva. Umzekelo, ezi zikripthi zinokugcinwa kwisiseko sedatha okanye kwiprofayili yomsebenzisi. Nanini na xa umntu efikelela kwisixhobo esichaphazelekileyo, iskripthi sisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo.
Abahlaseli badla ngokusebenzisa i-Stored XSS ukujolisa kumaqonga anabantu abaninzi abasebenzisa i-intanethi. Ngenxa yokuba umthwalo onobungozi uhlala kwiseva, unokuchaphazela amawaka abasebenzisi ngaphambi kokuba ubhaqwe.
Umzekelo weHlabathi Lokwenyani: eBay (2014)
Ngowama-2014, abahlaseli bafaka iJavaScript enobuthi kwi Uluhlu lweemveliso ze-eBay. Oku kwenzeke kuba i-eBay ayizange icoceke ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezifakwa ngabasebenzisi. Nanini na xa abasebenzisi betyelela uluhlu oluchaphazelekayo, izikhangeli zabo bezisebenzisa iskripthi esinobungozi ngokungazi.
Iziphumo:
- Amaxhoba athunyelwa kwiindawo zokweba ulwazi nge-phishing, apho abahlaseli bebe khona login iziqinisekiso kunye nedatha yabucala.
- I-eBay yonakaliswe kakhulu ligama layo ngenxa yokungabikho kokhuseleko olwaneleyo.
- Ngenxa yoko, eli tyala libonise imfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekiswa okuqinileyo kokufakwayo kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela.
I-Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
I-XSS ebonakalisiweyo yenzeka xa izikripthi ezinobungozi zifakwe kwi-URL okanye kwifomu yokufaka kwaye zibonakala kwimpendulo yeseva. Olu hlobo lohlaselo lwe-Cross Site Scripting ludla ngokuhanjiswa ngee-phishing links kwaye luyasebenza kwangoko xa ixhoba licofa ikhonkco.
Kwangaxeshanye, iReflected XSS ichaphazela amaxhoba ngabanye kodwa isenokubangela iziphumo ezibi kakhulu.
Umzekelo weHlabathi Lokwenyani: IBritish Airways (2018)
IBritish Airways ifumene amava Ubuthathaka be-XSS obubonakalisiweyo ngo-2018. Abahlaseli benze iilinki ze-phishing ezinee-embedded scripts, bekhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuba bazicofe.
Iziphumo:
- Abaphangi beba ulwazi oluyimfihlo lwabathengi, kuquka amagama, iidilesi, kunye neenkcukacha zekhadi lokuhlawula.
- Abathengi abangaphezu kwama-400,000 bachaphazelekile, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwisohlwayo se-GDPR se-£20 yezigidi kwiBritish Airways.
- Lilonke, ukwaphulwa kwemithetho kubonise iingozi zemali nezomthetho ezinxulumene nobuthathaka beCross-Site Scripting.
Ukubhala iiSkripthi zeNdawo eziQhelekileyo eziSekelwe kwiDOM (XSS)
I-XSS esekwe kwi-DOM yenzeka xa abahlaseli belawula isikhangeli Imodeli yoXwebhu lweXwebhu (DOM) endaweni yokujolisa ubuthathaka becala leseva. Olu hlaselo ludlula ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisekiswa kwecala leseva kwaye ludla ngokusebenzisa iindlela zeJavaScript ezingakhuselekanga ezifana innerHTML or document.write().
Ukuze ndibonise, nantsi umzekelo we-DOM-Based XSS esebenza.
Umzekelo weHlabathi lokwenyani: GitHub (2020)
Ngowama-2020, abahlaseli basebenzise Ubuthathaka be-XSS obusekelwe kwi-DOM kwindlela yokusebenza yokukhangela yeGitHub. Bafake izikripthi ezinobungozi kwiingeniso zemibuzo yokukhangela, bedlula ukhuseleko lweseva.
Iziphumo:
- Abahlaseli bebe iikuki zeseshoni kunye neethokheni zokuqinisekisa, nto leyo evumela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwiindawo zokugcina izinto.
- I-GitHub yalungisa ngokukhawuleza le ngxaki, kodwa ityala libonise iingozi ezibangelwa bubuthathaka obuvela kubathengi.
Ngaba ufuna ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala uphambi kwezoyikiso ngexesha langempela?
Khuphela iphepha lethu elimhlophe, elithi 'Isilumkiso Kwangethuba: Ukufunyanwa Kobungozi Ngexesha Langempela Nokubekwa Phambili,' uze ufumane indlela yokukhusela uthotho lwakho lobonelelo lwesoftware.
Indlela Yokuthintela I-Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Ukumisa i-Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) kufuna ukhuselo olusebenzayo nolunezigaba ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuthetha ukujongana u bunzima kwasekuqaleni kophuhliso kunye nokuqhubeka nokukhusela usetyenziso xa sele lukhona. Izisombululo zeXygeni zenzelwe ukugubungela amacala omabini, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo.
Ukujongana Neengxaki Kwangoko NgeXygeni's SAST
Uvavanyo loKhuseleko lweSicelo esiQhelekileyo seXygeni (SAST) Isixhobo sitshintsha umdlalo kubaphuhlisi. Siskena ikhowudi yakho njengoko uyibhala, sichonga ubuthathaka beCross-Site Scripting ngaphambi kokuba babe nethuba lokuyenza imveliso. Ngamafutshane, sikunceda ukulungisa iingxaki kwangethuba, xa kukhawuleza kwaye kungabizi kakhulu ukwenza njalo.
Nantsi into eyenza iXygeni's SAST yima geqe:
- Izilumkiso zeXesha langempela: Fumana impendulo ngoko nangoko malunga nobuthathaka njengoko ubhala ikhowudi, ukuze ukwazi ukuzilungisa ngoko nangoko.
- Khangela Ukuchaneka: I-Xygeni ikubonisa ngqo apho ingxaki ikhoyo, ukuya kuthi ga kumgca wekhowudi.
- Umdibaniso ongenamthungo: Isebenza ngokulula ngezixhobo zakho ozithandayo, ezifana ne-IntelliJ IDEA, i-Visual Studio Code, kunye CI/CD pipelines.
- Ukufunyanwa okuPhezulu: Ichonga imiba enzima efana nokuphathwa kokufakwa okungakhuselekanga kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-DOM okungakhuselekanga.
Lilonke, iXygeni's SAST kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yi-XSS ngokubamba ubuthathaka kumthombo, okwenza ikhowudi yakho ikhuseleke kwasekuqaleni.
Ukuqinisa uKhuselo nge-Runtime Monitoring
Ukubeka iliso ngexesha lokusebenza kubalulekile ekuthinteleni izisongelo ezitshintshayo. Izixhobo zeXygeni zibonelela ngokhuseleko lwangempela ngokuchonga nokuyeka imisebenzi enobungozi.
- Ukufunyanwa kwe-Anomaly: Ihlala ijonga iindlela zokuziphatha ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana nokuphunyezwa kweskripthi esingagunyaziswanga.
- CI/CD Integration: Iskena ngokuzenzekelayo izakhiwo kunye nokufakwa kwazo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile.
- Customizable Rules: Ivumela amaqela okhuseleko ukuba abeke izilumkiso ezithile ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zentlangano.
Ukuchaza ngakumbi, ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga kuya kuyithintela imibhalo enobungozi ekusebenziseni ubungonakali be-XSS esekwe kwi-DOM ngoko nangoko.
Ukubhala iiSkripthi zeSiza eziNqamlezekileyo Ngaphaya kweSikhangeli
Uhlaselo lwe-Cross Site Scripting ludlulela ngaphaya kweewebhusayithi zemveli. Ii-API, ii-apps zeselula, kunye nezixhobo ze-IoT nazo zisengozini:
- APIsAbahlaseli banokufaka ikhowudi enobungozi kwiindawo zokugqibela ze-API ezingaqinisekiswanga kakuhle, beveza idatha eyimfihlo.
- umzekelo: Isicelo sezemali saphulwa xa abaphangi besebenzisa i-API endpoint ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha zeakhawunti yabathengi.
- Mobile Apps: Iiframework ezingakhuselekanga kunye neebrowser ezingaphakathi kwi-app zenza ii-apps zeselula zibe sesichengeni se-XSS.
- Izixhobo ze-IoTAbahlaseli banokubeka emngciphekweni ii-interfaces zewebhu kwizixhobo ezikrelekrele zasekhaya, baze bafumane ulawulo kwiinethiwekhi.
Kule meko, ukuqinisekiswa kokufakwa kunye nokubeka esweni ixesha lokusebenza kubalulekile ekukhuseleni ezi nkqubo.
Ukukhusela ii-Applications zakho kwi-Cross Site Scripting Attacks
Ukubhala nge-cross-site kusengumngcipheko omkhulu, kodwa izisombululo zeXygeni zinceda imibutho ukuba ihlale phambili. Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni i-Cross-Site Scripting kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo eziphambili ezifana SAST kwaye ukujonga ixesha lokusebenza kwenza abaphuhlisi bakwazi ukususa ubuthathaka kunye nokukhusela usetyenziso ngexesha langempela.
Musa ukulinda ukuba kubekho ukwaphulwa okulandelayo - Bhukisha idemo kwaye uphonononge izisombululo zeXygeni zokuqinisa ukhuselo lwakho namhlanje.
Ukumisa i-Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) kufuna ukhuselo olusebenzayo nolunezigaba ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuthetha ukujongana u bunzima kwasekuqaleni kophuhliso kunye nokuqhubeka nokukhusela usetyenziso xa sele lukhona. Izisombululo zeXygeni zenzelwe ukugubungela amacala omabini, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo.
Ukujongana Neengxaki Kwangoko NgeXygeni's SAST
Uvavanyo loKhuseleko lweSicelo esiQhelekileyo seXygeni (SAST) Isixhobo sitshintsha umdlalo kubaphuhlisi. Siskena ikhowudi yakho njengoko uyibhala, sichonga ubuthathaka beCross-Site Scripting ngaphambi kokuba babe nethuba lokuyenza imveliso. Ngamafutshane, sikunceda ukulungisa iingxaki kwangethuba, xa kukhawuleza kwaye kungabizi kakhulu ukwenza njalo.
Nantsi into eyenza iXygeni's SAST yima geqe:
- Izilumkiso zeXesha langempela: Fumana impendulo ngoko nangoko malunga nobuthathaka njengoko ubhala ikhowudi, ukuze ukwazi ukuzilungisa ngoko nangoko.
- Khangela Ukuchaneka: I-Xygeni ikubonisa ngqo apho ingxaki ikhoyo, ukuya kuthi ga kumgca wekhowudi.
- Umdibaniso ongenamthungo: Isebenza ngokulula ngezixhobo zakho ozithandayo, ezifana ne-IntelliJ IDEA, i-Visual Studio Code, kunye CI/CD pipelines.
- Ukufunyanwa okuPhezulu: Ichonga imiba enzima efana nokuphathwa kokufakwa okungakhuselekanga kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-DOM okungakhuselekanga.
Lilonke, iXygeni's SAST kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yi-XSS ngokubamba ubuthathaka kumthombo, okwenza ikhowudi yakho ikhuseleke kwasekuqaleni.
Ukuqinisa uKhuselo nge-Runtime Monitoring
Ukubeka iliso ngexesha lokusebenza kubalulekile ekuthinteleni izisongelo ezitshintshayo. Izixhobo zeXygeni zibonelela ngokhuseleko lwangempela ngokuchonga nokuyeka imisebenzi enobungozi.
- Ukufunyanwa kwe-Anomaly: Ihlala ijonga iindlela zokuziphatha ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana nokuphunyezwa kweskripthi esingagunyaziswanga.
- CI/CD Integration: Iskena ngokuzenzekelayo izakhiwo kunye nokufakwa kwazo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile.
- Customizable Rules: Ivumela amaqela okhuseleko ukuba abeke izilumkiso ezithile ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zentlangano.
Ukuchaza ngakumbi, ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga kuya kuyithintela imibhalo enobungozi ekusebenziseni ubungonakali be-XSS esekwe kwi-DOM ngoko nangoko.
Ukubhala iiSkripthi zeSiza eziNqamlezekileyo Ngaphaya kweSikhangeli
Uhlaselo lwe-Cross Site Scripting ludlulela ngaphaya kweewebhusayithi zemveli. Ii-API, ii-apps zeselula, kunye nezixhobo ze-IoT nazo zisengozini:
- APIsAbahlaseli banokufaka ikhowudi enobungozi kwiindawo zokugqibela ze-API ezingaqinisekiswanga kakuhle, beveza idatha eyimfihlo.
- umzekelo: Isicelo sezemali saphulwa xa abaphangi besebenzisa i-API endpoint ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha zeakhawunti yabathengi.
- Mobile Apps: Iiframework ezingakhuselekanga kunye neebrowser ezingaphakathi kwi-app zenza ii-apps zeselula zibe sesichengeni se-XSS.
- Izixhobo ze-IoTAbahlaseli banokubeka emngciphekweni ii-interfaces zewebhu kwizixhobo ezikrelekrele zasekhaya, baze bafumane ulawulo kwiinethiwekhi.
Kule meko, ukuqinisekiswa kokufakwa kunye nokubeka esweni ixesha lokusebenza kubalulekile ekukhuseleni ezi nkqubo.
Ukukhusela ii-Applications zakho kwi-Cross Site Scripting Attacks
Ukubhala nge-cross-site kusengumngcipheko omkhulu, kodwa izisombululo zeXygeni zinceda imibutho ukuba ihlale phambili. Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni i-Cross-Site Scripting kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo eziphambili ezifana SAST kwaye ukujonga ixesha lokusebenza kwenza abaphuhlisi bakwazi ukususa ubuthathaka kunye nokukhusela usetyenziso ngexesha langempela.
Musa ukulinda ukuba kubekho ukwaphulwa okulandelayo - Bhukisha idemo kwaye uphonononge izisombululo zeXygeni zokuqinisa ukhuselo lwakho namhlanje.
