Yini Ebangela Iphutha Lokukhohlisa Amathokheni Okuqinisekisa ku-Linux
Uma uke wasebenza nezinhlelo ze-Linux, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona iphutha elibi kakhulu lokukhwabanisa amathokheni, noma ifomu lalo eligcwele, i-passwd: iphutha lokukhwabanisa ithokheni yokuqinisekisa, ngenkathi kuzanywa ukubuyekeza iphasiwedi noma ukuphatha izikhathi zomsebenzisi. Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka:
- Izinkinga zemvume: /etc/shadow noma amamojula e-PAM awabhalwa yinqubo
- Amafayela akhiyiwe: Enye inqubo ukubamba ifayela, ukuphula izibuyekezo zamathokheni
- I-PAM engalungiselelwanga kahle (Amamojula Wokufakazela Ukuxhumeka): Ukuphathwa kweseshini okungalungile okuholela ekwehlulekeni
Ezindaweni ezenzakalelayo ezifana CI/CD pipelines noma izikripthi zokunikeza, iphutha lokukhwabanisa ithokheni le-passwd: authentication livame ukwenzeka lapho izitsha noma izikripthi zizama ukwenza kanjalo. lawula ubuqiniso ngaphandle kwamalungelo aneleIsibonelo sesimo:
Lokhu akuyona nje into ecasulayo; kuwuphawu lokuthi umsebenzi wakho wokuqinisekisa awuphephile noma awuphathwanga kahle.
Imiphumela Yokuphepha Yokugeleza Komsebenzi Wethokheni Lokuqinisekisa Ophukile
Okuphindaphindwayo i-passwd: iphutha lokukhwabanisa ithokheni yokuqinisekisa akuyona ingozi. Kungadala izindawo ezingaboni futhi kuvule izingozi zokuphepha kokubili ezindaweni ze-Linux kanye CI/CD pipelines. Imiphumela engaba khona ihlanganisa:
- Ukukhuphuka kwelungelo: abahlaseli bangasebenzisa ukulungiselelwa okungalungile ukuze bathole izimvume eziphezulu.
- Ukuthumba i-session: amathokheni angaphathwanga kahle angavuza noma abanjwe.
- Ukudalulwa kwezimfihlo: izikripthi eziloba amaphutha ethokheni ngezinye izikhathi zembula ngephutha ulwazi lweseshini olubucayi.
Isibonelo senkinga yokuphathwa kweseshini engavikelekile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu:
Uma amathokheni okuqinisekisa engavikelwe, abahlaseli abadingi ukuxhashazwa okuyinkimbinkimbi; balinda nje ukuphathwa kweseshini okunobudlabha.
Ukuxilonga Nokulungisa Izinkinga Zethokheni ku-Dev kanye CI/CD Pipelines
In pipeline, i-passwd: iphutha lokukhwabanisa ithokheni yokuqinisekisa kuvame ukuvela lapho ukwakhiwa noma ukuhlinzekwa kwezikripthi kusebenza ngaphansi komongo womsebenzisi ongalungile noma ngaphandle kwamalungelo afanele.
Ngokwesibonelo:
Isitsha se-Docker esizama ukubuyekeza iphasiwedi ngaphandle –okunelungelo
CI/CD imisebenzi ezama ukufinyelela / njll / isithunzi noma amafayela e-PAM ngqo
Izindawo zesikhashana zisusa amathokheni ngaphambi kokuba imisebenzi exhomeke ku-akhawunti iphele.
Isibonelo ku CI/CD:
Esikhundleni sokushintsha ubuqiniso bezinga le-OS ku pipelines, sebenzisa ama-akhawunti esevisi ahlanganisiwe kanye nabaphathi bezimfihlo. Ukulungiswa kufaka phakathi:
- Izinqubo ezisebenzayo ngezimvume ezifanele
- Ukugwema ukuphathwa kwephasiwedi okuqondile ezakhiweni
- Ukusebenzisa amathokheni asekelwe ku-vault kune-OS yesikhashana
Iseshini Evikelekile Nokuphathwa Kweziqinisekiso ku-DevSecOps
Isivikelo esingcono kakhulu ngokumelene nephutha lokukhwabanisa amathokheni okuqinisekisa ukugwema ukuphathwa kwamathokheni ngesandla okubuthakathaka ngokuphelele.
Imikhuba emihle kakhulu ye-DevSecOps:
- Sebenzisa umphathi wezimfihlo (i-HashiCorp Vault, i-AWS Secrets Manager, njll.) esikhundleni samathokheni aqinile
- Jikelezisa amathokheni njalo, ungalokothi uthembele kuzitifiketi ezimile
- Gcina amathokheni ngaphandle kwe-repo kanye pipeline izingodo
Khetha amathokheni ahlala isikhathi esifushane, ahlanganisiwe esikhundleni salawo ahlala isikhathi eside emhlabeni jikelele.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Olusheshayo Lonjiniyela Lokuphathwa Kweseshini Ephephile
- Ungalokothi ufake amathokheni okuqinisekisa ku- pipelines
- Vikela amakhukhi nge HttpOnly, Kuphephile, Futhi Okufanayo
- Gcina izimfihlo endaweni yokugcina impahla, hhayi ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo zemvelo
- Sebenzisa ilungelo elincane kakhulu kuma-akhawunti esevisi
- Jikelezisa futhi uhoxise amathokheni ngokuzenzakalelayo
Ukuzifaka lokhu emisebenzini yansuku zonke kuvimbela izimbangela zamaphutha kanye nokuvuza kokuphepha.
Ukuqina Kokwakha Ngokuhlola Okuzenzakalelayo Kokuphepha
Ukuskena okuzenzakalelayo kungabamba ukulungiselelwa okungalungile okubangela i-passwd: iphutha lokukhwabanisa ithokheni yokuqinisekisa ngaphambi kokuba kubangele ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo noma kudalulwe amaphutha okuphepha. Indlela yokwakha ukuqina:
-Ukuqinisekiswa kwemvume okuzenzakalelayo: qinisekisa ubunikazi obufanele kanye namalungelo okufinyelela ngaphambi kokuba imisebenzi iqale.
-Ukuhlaziywa okuqinile nokuguquguqukayo: skena ukuphathwa kwamathokheni okungavikelekile kanye namakhodi amaphutha acindezelwe njenge i-passwd: iphutha lokukhwabanisa ithokheni yokuqinisekisa.
- Pipeline ukuphoqelela: vimba imisebenzi ezama ukulawula ukuqinisekiswa kwezinga lesistimu.
Izixazululo like I-Xygeni engeza inani lapha ngokuqapha njalo pipelines kokungalungiselelwa kahle, ukuskena amathokheni adaluliwe, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kusetshenziswa iziqinisekiso ezigunyaziwe kuphela kuzo zonke izindawo. Lokhu kuguqula ukuphepha kwamathokheni kube umzila wokuvikela ozenzakalelayo ophoqelelwayo.
Ukwenza Amaseshini Aphephe Kakhulu: Gwema Iphutha Lokukhohlisa Amathokheni Lokuqinisekisa
Iphutha lokuphathwa kwamathokheni lingaphezu kwephutha lobuchwepheshe; liyifulegi lesixwayiso semisebenzi yokuqinisekisa ephukile. Ukungayinaki kuyingozi yokwanda kwamalungelo, izimfihlo ezivuzayo, kanye nokuphathwa kweseshini okungaphephile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zakho kanye pipelines. Kwabathuthukisi namaqembu ezokuphepha, amaphuzu abalulekile acacile:
- Ungaphathi amaphutha ethokheni “njengeziphazamisi nje”; waphathe njengezimpawu zokuphepha
- Harden CI/CD imisebenzi ngokugwema ukuphathwa kwamathokheni ezingeni le-OS
- Sebenzisa njalo abaphathi bezimfihlo esikhundleni sokugcina amathokheni ngesandla
- Yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhlolwa kokuphathwa kwamathokheni okungavikelekile ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa
Ngamathuluzi afana ne-Xygeni, ungabona ukulungiselelwa okungalungile, usebenzise izinqubomgomo zokuphathwa kwamathokheni, futhi uvimbele izingozi eziholela emaphutheni okuphathwa kwamathokheni okuqinisekisa kwasekuqaleni. Ukuletha ukuphathwa kwamathokheni okuphephile ku-DevSecOps yakho pipelineu-s usho izikhathi eziphephile, ukumangala okuncane kwesikhathi sokusebenza, kanye nokuvikelwa okuqinile kuyo yonke inkathi yokuphila yokuthuthukiswa.
