The OWASP Top 10 is one of the most widely used application security references for identifying and mitigating the most critical web application security risks. This guide explains the OWASP Top 10 risks, real-world examples, remediation best practices, and how modern AppSec and software supply chain security solutions help organizations reduce risk across the SDLC.
开放式 Web 应用程序安全项目 (OWASP)
开放Web应用程序安全项目 (OWASP) is a leading nonprofit organization dedicated to improving software security. OWASP is known for its transparency and commitment to community-driven solutions, which has made it a go-to resource for developers, security professionals, and organizations seeking to adopt best security practices. Among its many contributions, one of the most significant is the OWASP Top 10, a regularly updated list of the most critical web application security risks affecting modern applications. It highlights the most severe vulnerabilities in web applications, based on real-world data and expert insights.
OWASP’s mission is to make security accessible and understandable, providing tools, frameworks, and knowledge to help secure applications from the ground up. The OWASP Top 10 serves as a practical framework to help developers focus on the vulnerabilities that matter most, ensuring they can implement the necessary solutions effectively.
OWASP 前 10 名
The OWASP Top 10 is a foundational application security resource for organizations securing modern web applications. For any organization working to secure web applications. It outlines the most critical security threats, offering insights into the common ways applications are compromised. The OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities highlight these top risks, offering actionable recommendations to mitigate them. Addressing these vulnerabilities head-on is essential for strengthening the security of any application.
OWASP Top 10 是什么以及其补救措施？
The OWASP Top 10 is a globally recognized awareness document published by the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP). It identifies the most critical security risks affecting modern web applications based on real-world attack data, community research, and industry analysis. The list helps developers, AppSec teams, DevSecOps engineers, and security leaders prioritize the vulnerabilities that pose the greatest risk to applications, APIs, and software supply chains.
The current OWASP Top 10 includes security categories such as Broken Access Control, Injection, Security Misconfiguration, Vulnerable and Outdated Components, Software and Data Integrity Failures, and Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). Understanding these risks and implementing the appropriate remediation strategies is essential for building secure applications, reducing software security exposure, and protecting organizations against modern cyber threats.
OWASP Top 10 Categories
OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities at a Glance
| OWASP Category | 主要风险 | 典型影响 |
|---|---|---|
| 存取控制中断 | 越权存取 | 数据暴露 |
| 加密失败 | 弱加密 | 敏感数据窃取 |
| 注射 | Malicious input execution | Database compromise |
| 不安全的设计 | Architectural weaknesses | System-wide vulnerabilities |
| 安全配置错误 | 设置不当 | 越权存取 |
| 易受攻击的组件 | 过时的依赖项 | 供应链妥协 |
| 身份验证失败 | 身份控制薄弱 | 账户接管 |
| Software Integrity Failures | Build/dependency tampering | Malware insertion |
| 故障日志记录与监控 | 延迟检测 | Extended attacker dwell time |
| SSRF | Internal request abuse | Internal service compromise |
1. Broken Access Control (A01:2021)
什么是损坏的访问控制？
Broken Access Control occurs when users gain unauthorized access to data or actions. For example, an attacker might manipulate a URL to obtain admin access. OWASP found this issue in 94% of tested applications, making it one of the most common OWASP Top 10 security vulnerabilities.
访问控制失效的补救措施
为了降低这种风险，请强制执行最小特权访问，对敏感操作实施多因素身份验证 (MFA)，并定期审核用户权限。
Xygeni 的秘密安全 帮助保护 API 密钥和令牌等敏感信息，降低访问控制违规的风险。持续监控可确保系统的完整性。
Rael-World Example
In 2019, 第一美国金融公司 暴露在外 850亿条敏感记录 due to improper access control. Attackers could simply modify a URL to access confidential documents. By neglecting to secure the access points properly, the company left sensitive data vulnerable. This incident emphasizes the need to validate user roles and ensure that only authorized individuals can access sensitive information.
Why does it matter today? Modern applications expose APIs, cloud services, and distributed user roles, making unauthorized access one of the most common and damaging security risks affecting sensitive business data.
2. Cryptographic Failures (A02:2021)
什么是加密失败？
Cryptographic Failures occur when systems fail to properly encrypt sensitive data, allowing attackers to intercept and misuse it. Strong encryption is essential for protecting sensitive data.
加密失败的补救措施
使用 AES-256 加密存储数据，并对传输中的数据强制使用 TLS 1.2 或更高版本。定期轮换加密密钥，并使用适当的访问控制措施保护密钥安全。
Xygeni 的基础设施即代码 (IaC） 安全 在部署期间检查加密设置，以防止加密策略出现弱点。
真实示例
2017年， 确切的一家数据聚合公司， 泄露了340亿条个人记录 由于加密不当，攻击者获取了姓名、地址和电话号码等个人信息，因为这些数据是以明文形式存储的。此次泄露事件凸显了敏感数据加密失败的风险。通过应用适当的加密 standard例如，使用 AES-256 来保护静态数据，使用 TLS 来保护传输中的数据，组织可以保护其数据免遭未经授权的访问。
Why does it matter today? Organizations increasingly store and transfer sensitive customer, financial, and authentication data across cloud environments, making strong encryption essential for protecting privacy and compliance.
3. Injection (A03:2021)
什么是注入攻击？
Injection vulnerabilities, such as SQL Injection, allow attackers to insert malicious code into your system, enabling them to manipulate or steal data. Injection attacks remain one of the most common and impactful application security risks affecting modern web applications.
补救措施 注入攻击
使用参数化查询并验证用户输入。尽可能避免动态查询，以最大程度地降低风险。
Xygeni 的异常检测 显示器 CI/CD pipeline针对异常行为，实时捕捉潜在的注入尝试。
真实示例
In 2017, Equifax公司 遭遇了 大规模数据泄露 泄露了个人信息 147万客户。 违反行为源于 SQL注入漏洞, allowing attackers to manipulate the company’s website and access sensitive data stored in the database. Organizations must ensure that their systems properly sanitize user inputs. Regular patching and securing SQL queries could have prevented this vulnerability.
Why does it matter today? Injection vulnerabilities continue to impact web applications, APIs, and AI-assisted development workflows where unvalidated input reaches interpreters, databases, or backend systems.
4. Insecure Design (A04:2021)
什么是不安全的设计？
Insecure Design happens when developers fail to integrate security into the initial design phase, which creates vulnerabilities that are difficult to fix later. These weaknesses are difficult to remediate once applications reach production environments.
补救措施 不安全的设计
在开发生命周期的早期阶段融入安全设计原则和威胁建模。定期评估设计中的潜在缺陷，并在其演变成严重问题之前予以修复。
Xygeni 的 Application Security Posture Management (ASPM) 在攻击者利用之前识别潜在的设计缺陷，确保开发人员从一开始就将安全性嵌入到他们的产品中。
真实示例
现实世界中最近的一个例子 不安全的设计 是 2021 年 Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell 漏洞攻击者利用了 Microsoft Exchange 身份验证和访问控制机制中的设计缺陷，从而能够在易受攻击的服务器上远程执行代码。这些漏洞并非实施错误，而是根本性的设计缺陷，即使补丁应用不当，攻击者仍然可能利用这些缺陷。此次漏洞凸显了在设计阶段集成安全措施以防止系统漏洞的重要性。
Why does it matter today? Security weaknesses introduced during the design phase are difficult and expensive to fix later, especially in cloud-native and rapidly evolving development environments.
5. Security Misconfiguration (A05:2021)
什么是安全配置错误？
Security Misconfigurations occur when attackers exploit improperly configured systems, such as those using default settings or leaving unnecessary ports open. Misconfigurations remain one of the leading causes of cloud and application security incidents.
补救措施 安全配置错误
使用以下方式自动检查配置 基础设施即代码（IaC) 并定期进行安全审核。确保所有系统都安装最新补丁。
Xygeni 的 IaC Security 在部署之前扫描错误配置并在所有环境中一致地实施安全策略。
真实示例
2018年， 美国航空航天局 遭遇违约，因为 设置错误 in Atlassian 的 JIRA 敏感项目和员工数据泄露。攻击者由于开放配置而访问了这些信息。自动化安全检查和执行适当的配置策略本可以阻止此次泄露。定期审计可以在攻击者利用漏洞之前检测到它。
Why does it matter today? Misconfigured cloud services, CI/CD pipelines, containers, and exposed administrative interfaces remain one of the leading causes of modern security breaches.
6. 易受攻击和过时的组件 (A06:2021)
什么是易受攻击和过时的组件？
当您使用存在已知安全漏洞的第三方库或框架时，就会出现易受攻击和过时的组件。攻击者可以利用这些漏洞来入侵您的应用程序。这是一个极其危险的威胁，因为高达 60% 的现代应用程序都是使用第三方组件构建的。
补救措施 易受攻击且过时的组件
定期更新第三方库和依赖项，并使用软件组成分析（SCA) 工具来检测和修补漏洞。
Xygeni 的 Open Source Security 扫描您的依赖项以防止使用过时或恶意的组件，帮助您维护安全的应用程序。
真实示例
In 2017, 阿帕奇结构 存在未修补的漏洞，导致 Equifax违规, 影响数百万用户。 该漏洞位于 Apache Struts 2, a widely used framework, and Equifax failed to apply the patch in time. This left their systems exposed to exploitation. Timely updates and regular vulnerability scanning would have prevented this breach.
Why does it matter today? Modern applications heavily depend on open source packages and third-party libraries, making software supply chain attacks and vulnerable dependencies a growing AppSec concern.
7. Authentication Failures (A07:2021)
什么是身份识别和认证失败？
当身份验证机制薄弱或实施不当时，就会出现这些漏洞，从而允许攻击者绕过安全控制。
补救措施 Identification and Authentication Failures
实施强密码策略、强制执行多因素身份验证 (MFA) 并审核身份验证日志以防止未经授权的访问。
Xygeni 的 Secrets Security 有助于保护您的凭证，降低身份验证过程中泄露的风险。
真实示例
In 2020， 环形安全摄像头 此次入侵是由弱密码造成的。攻击者使用简单的密码，并获得了来自 数千个用户的相机此次泄露事件凸显了加强身份验证措施的迫切需求。因此，实施 多重身份验证 (MFA) 并执行 强密码策略 就能轻松阻止未经授权的访问。
Why does it matter today? Weak authentication mechanisms continue to enable account takeovers, credential stuffing attacks, and unauthorized access across SaaS, cloud, and enterprise 领域广泛应用，提供了卓越的解决方案。
8. 软件和数据完整性故障 (A08:2021)
什么是软件和数据完整性故障？
当代码或基础设施无法防范篡改时，就会出现这些漏洞。攻击者可以破坏构建 pipeline系统、依赖项或部署流程，将恶意代码注入受信任的更新。由于供应链攻击的兴起，此类漏洞已成为一个主要问题，在供应链攻击中，即使是受信任的第三方组件也成为渗透网络的目标。
补救措施 Software and Data Integrity Failures
为了缓解这种情况，请实施代码签名，使用安全的构建流程，并验证所有第三方组件的完整性。
Xygeni 的 CI/CD 安保防护 确保您的 pipelines are secure and monitored for anomalies. Xygeni’s Anomaly Detection can identify suspicious activities that might indicate tampering.
真实示例
In 2024，一次重大的供应链攻击 XZ实用工具是 Linux 系统中广泛使用的压缩库。XZ Utils 是一款重要的文件压缩工具，深受数千家企业的信赖。然而，攻击者通过在代码中注入后门，成功入侵了该项目的构建过程。
攻击者一度未被察觉，这意味着依赖受感染库的系统容易受到远程代码执行和进一步攻击。最终，这些攻击者控制了受影响的系统，导致数据泄露和敏感信息泄露。
这一事件清楚地提醒人们 供应链攻击. 即使是广受信任的库也可能被操纵，从而危害众多系统。通过确保安全的构建流程、使用代码签名技术以及持续监控第三方组件，组织可以防止此类漏洞渗透到其系统中。
Why does it matter today? Software supply chain attacks targeting build pipelines, package registries, dependencies, and CI/CD systems have become a major risk for modern software development.
9. 安全日志记录和监控失败 (A09:2021)
什么是安全日志和监控失败？
These failures occur when applications don’t log security events properly or lack monitoring mechanisms. Without detailed logs, detecting and responding to attacks becomes difficult. These weaknesses often delay breach detection, allowing attackers to exploit systems over extended periods.
补救措施 Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
启用所有关键操作的全面日志记录，安全存储日志，并确保监控其中是否存在可疑活动。此外，使用自动化工具提醒您注意潜在威胁。
Xygeni 的异常检测 帮助实时识别异常活动。此外， CI/CD 安全性确保日志记录和监控配置在各个环境中一致应用。
真实示例
In 2023, 尤伯杯 经历了数据泄露 泄露了数千名司机的个人信息。违约发生在第三方律师事务所， 热那亚伯恩斯遭遇安全事故，数据泄露。尽管已触发警报，但 Uber 的监控系统未能及时发现并应对此次攻击。
攻击者获取了敏感信息，包括姓名、电话号码和驾驶记录。此次延迟主要是由于缺乏全面的日志记录和监控系统不足。
如果 Uber 能够妥善监控其系统访问，并实施更完善的日志记录实践，他们本可以更早地发现此次数据泄露事件。如此一来，公司便可最大限度地减少声誉损害和财务损失。此次数据泄露事件凸显了维护有效的日志记录和监控系统，以便及早发现并缓解威胁的重要性。
Why does it matter today? Without proper visibility and monitoring, organizations struggle to detect attacks early, allowing attackers to remain undetected for extended periods.
10. 服务器端请求伪造 (SSRF) (A10:2021)
什么是服务器端请求伪造？
SSRF 是指攻击者诱骗服务器向非预期位置发出请求，通常会访问应受限制的内部服务。此漏洞允许攻击者访问敏感数据或在内部系统上执行命令。
Remedies for SSRF
为了防止 SSRF，请验证所有用户输入并限制服务器发出出站请求的能力。此外，使用允许列表来控制服务器可以访问哪些 URL。
Xygeni 的 CI/CD 安全有助于监控 pipelines 以查找潜在的 SSRF 漏洞。此外，Xygeni 的异常检测可以捕获意外或可疑的请求模式。
真实示例
In 2022，一个重大的漏洞 Microsoft Exchange（CVE-2022-41040） 被攻击者利用 SSRF 技术进行攻击。攻击者能够向 Exchange 服务器发送恶意请求，从而绕过内部安全保护措施。
一旦进入系统，攻击者就可以访问内部系统并窃取敏感数据。 通过利用 SSRF他们未经授权访问了受限制的内部资源，导致了严重的安全漏洞。
SSRF vulnerabilities are particularly dangerous because they give attackers access to internal systems that should not be exposed to the public. Had Microsoft implemented stricter input validation and outbound request restrictions, they could have blocked the attackers’ attempts to exploit this vulnerability. This breach demonstrates the importance of controlling server requests to sensitive internal resources and ensuring that only trusted, verified sources can interact with them.
Why does it matter today? Cloud-native architectures and internal APIs have increased the impact of SSRF vulnerabilities, which attackers use to access sensitive internal services and metadata systems.
Why the OWASP Top 10 Still Matters
此 OWASP 十大漏洞 are crucial for organizations aiming to secure their applications from the most common and dangerous threats. These risks are not theoretical; they represent real-world risks that can lead to data breaches, financial loss, and reputational damage. By proactively addressing these vulnerabilities, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of successful attacks and ensure that their systems are resilient against evolving threats.
此外，实施 OWASP 十大漏洞列表中推荐的补救措施有助于组织采取战略性安全措施。例如，加强访问控制、确保加密实践安全以及降低供应链风险，这些对于解决这些漏洞都至关重要。因此，组织可以减少攻击面，使攻击者更难以利用系统中的弱点。
As cyber threats evolve, it’s essential for organizations to stay ahead of potential vulnerabilities. By taking action early, organizations ensure long-term protection for their applications and maintain the trust of their users.
Beyond the traditional OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities, organizations increasingly face malicious open source packages, dependency confusion attacks, typosquatting campaigns, insecure AI-generated code, CI/CD pipeline compromise, secrets exposure, and software supply chain malware.
Modern AppSec programs increasingly combine OWASP guidance with software supply chain security, AI security, and runtime risk analysis to address evolving attack surfaces.
How Xygeni Supports OWASP and OWASP SAMM Initiatives
解决 OWASP 十大漏洞 对于确保 Web 应用程序的安全至关重要。 但是, securing your application doesn’t stop there. The OWASP 软件保证成熟度模型 (SAMM) provides a framework for assessing and improving your security maturity across the software development lifecycle (SDLC). 通过整合 Xygeni 的综合安全工具，组织不仅可以缓解 OWASP 十大安全漏洞 而且还增强了其整体安全成熟度，正如 OWASP SAMM 所概述的那样。
Strengthening Application Security with Xygeni
Xygeni 帮助组织解决 OWASP 十大漏洞列表 while accelerating the adoption of OWASP SAMM, helping organizations continuously improve in software security maturity. By automating security controls, enabling risk-based prioritization, and strengthening incident management, Xygeni helps organizations build secure, resilient software, effectively reducing the risk of security breaches.
通过实时监控、自动漏洞检测和策略执行 SDLC, Xygeni simplifies security and compliance efforts, aligning with OWASP SAMM’s best practices. This enables organizations to progressively grow their security maturity, with a clear roadmap for continuous improvement.
立即采取行动保护您的应用程序
此 OWASP 十大漏洞 突出现代应用程序面临的最紧迫的安全风险。通过遵循 OWASP 指南 并实施这里概述的最佳实践，你可以 保护您的组织免受这些威胁 并构建能够抵御复杂攻击的应用程序。
Strengthen Your Application Security and Software Supply Chain Security.
Modern applications require more than traditional vulnerability scanning. 西吉尼 helps organizations identify, prioritize, and remediate OWASP Top 10 risks across source code, open source dependencies, CI/CD pipelines, cloud infrastructure, and AI-assisted development workflows.
Discover how Xygeni helps AppSec and DevSecOps teams reduce risk across the modern SDLC!
